{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T15:10:52Z","timestamp":1789744252702,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad El Bosque and the Asociaci\u00f3n Colombiana de Inmunolog\u00eda (ACOI)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate assessment of histological remission is a critical goal in the management of ulcerative colitis (UC); however, routine evaluation is hindered by the invasiveness of endoscopy and biopsy. Non-invasive alternatives like intestinal ultrasound (IUS) and faecal calprotectin (FC) show promise for monitoring mucosal inflammation, though their ability to predict histological healing remains underexplored. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of IUS, FC, and their combined use for detecting histologic remission in patients with UC. A comprehensive literature search identified two eligible studies comprising 72 patients. Pooled estimates for IUS demonstrated high sensitivity (0.84, 95% CI: 0.35\u20130.98) but variable specificity (0.78, 95% CI: 0.08\u20130.99), while FC alone exhibited high sensitivity (0.85, 95% CI: 0.72\u20130.92) with moderate specificity (0.60, 95% CI: 0.38\u20130.79). Notably, only one study assessed the combined diagnostic approach, reporting superior performance with sensitivity and specificity of 0.88 and 0.80, respectively. The certainty of the evidence was rated as moderate. These exploratory findings suggest that a multimodal, non-invasive approach combining IUS and FC may improve diagnostic accuracy in detecting histological remission in UC, potentially reducing reliance on invasive procedures. However, given the limited number of studies included and the high degree of heterogeneity, these results should be interpreted with caution. Further large-scale, methodologically robust studies are needed to validate these preliminary findings and establish standardized diagnostic protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T12:31:26Z","timestamp":1755865886000},"page":"8129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Non-Invasive vs. Invasive Markers in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review of Intestinal Ultrasound, Biopsy, and Faecal Calprotectin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2361-1018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Parra-Izquierdo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Immunology Group\u2014InmuBo, Universidad El Bosque, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Internacional de Colombia, Piedecuesta 681011, Colombia"},{"name":"Gastroadvanced IPS, Bogot\u00e1 111311, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2441-7084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliette","family":"De Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Immunology Group\u2014InmuBo, Universidad El Bosque, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5987-013X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Immunology Group\u2014InmuBo, Universidad El Bosque, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Barrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Immunology Department, Hospital Militar Central, Bogot\u00e1 110231, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, Hospital Militar Central, Bogot\u00e1 110231, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6973-7639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Consuelo","family":"Romero-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Immunology Group\u2014InmuBo, Universidad El Bosque, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia"},{"name":"Clinical Immunology Group, School of Medicine Hospital Militar Central, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogot\u00e1 110231, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.04.039","article-title":"AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Role of Intestinal Ultrasound in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Commentary","volume":"22","author":"Chavannes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. 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