{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:30:41Z","timestamp":1792071041249,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline, which significantly impacts patients\u2019 quality of life and imposes substantial emotional, practical, and economic burdens on their families. As the most common cause of senile dementia, AD currently affects approximately 50 million people worldwide, with projections indicating a threefold increase by 2050 due to rising life expectancy and an aging global population. Diagnosis of AD remains challenging. Neuroimaging techniques reveal atrophy in critical brain regions, particularly in the cortex, hippocampus, and limbic system, which are essential substrates for memory, personality changes, and other cognitive functions. The hallmark molecular changes associated with AD include the accumulation of \u03b2-amyloid plaques and the formation of tau protein tangles. Several underlying mechanisms contribute to neuron loss, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, microbial dysbiosis, and insulin resistance. In this context, exosomes\u2014small extracellular vesicles that facilitate cell communication\u2014transport proteins, DNA, mRNA, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA), all of which play a significant role in the neurobiology of AD. Furthermore, emerging research indicates that exosomal ncRNAs may serve as promising biomarkers for AD, offering the possibility of improved diagnostic precision. This review explores the potential of exosomal ncRNAs\u2014specifically circular RNAs and microRNAS\u2014as non-invasive biomarkers for AD, highlighting recent advances and future directions in translational studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T06:26:31Z","timestamp":1756189591000},"page":"8246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Advances and Perspectives in Translational Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6122-054X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simoneide Souza","family":"Titze-de-Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Major Themes\u2014Neurodegenerative Disorders Division, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Federal District, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0819-0756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara Luna","family":"Marina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Major Themes\u2014Neurodegenerative Disorders Division, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Federal District, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3553-5649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena Vieira","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, University of Rio Verde, Aparecida de Goi\u00e2nia 74923-590, Goi\u00e1s, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia Dias dos Santos","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Major Themes\u2014Neurodegenerative Disorders Division, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Federal District, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1191-2078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Renato de Paula","family":"Brand\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00edrio-Liban\u00eas Hospital, Brasilia 70200-730, Federal District, Brazil"},{"name":"Bras\u00edlia University Hospital, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Federal District, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6660-2766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di\u00f3genes Diego de Carvalho","family":"Bispo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bras\u00edlia University Hospital, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Federal District, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1004-7641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Von Glehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bras\u00edlia University Hospital, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Federal District, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5019-4742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Titze-de-Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Major Themes\u2014Neurodegenerative Disorders Division, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Federal District, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00269-y","article-title":"Alzheimer disease","volume":"7","author":"Knopman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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