{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:39:45Z","timestamp":1760060385692,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Punto de Partida A.C."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cocaine use disorder (CUD) presents high comorbidity with mood symptoms that impair recovery processes and facilitate relapses. Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is negatively correlated with mood symptoms in depressive disorders. However, whether a correlation exists between BDNF and mood in CUD is still unknown. Thus, in this cross-sectional study, we explored the potential relationship between peripheral BDNF levels and depression and anxiety symptoms in CUD. Serum peripheral BDNF was determined by the ELISA method. Standardized Hamilton Depression (HDRS) and Anxiety (HARS) inventories were administered. Twenty-nine seeking-treatment CUD participants under stable medication (female = 3) were enrolled. According to the mood severity, 34.48% of participants were classified as normal, 24.14% as moderate, and 41.38% as severe symptoms (p &lt; 0.001). Peripheral BDNF was similar between the different mood severity groups (p &gt; 0.05). No correlation between BDNF and HDRS and BDNF and HARS was detected regardless of the severity of mood symptoms (p &gt; 0.05). Different from what has been observed in depressive disorders, independence between peripheral BDNF levels and mood symptoms in CUD was observed. This finding suggests a singular, intricate regulation of peripheral BDNF and mood as part of CUD-related maladaptations that might disrupt the expected antidepressant response and perpetuate mood symptoms in CUD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T08:19:32Z","timestamp":1756282772000},"page":"8294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Independence of Peripheral Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor from Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Cocaine Use Disorder: An Initial Description"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Dannia M.","family":"Islas-Preciado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuromodulaci\u00f3n, Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaciones Cl\u00ednicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Alcal\u00e1-Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuromodulaci\u00f3n, Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaciones Cl\u00ednicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14370, Mexico"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika P.","family":"Aguilar-Velazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuromodulaci\u00f3n, Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaciones Cl\u00ednicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne G.","family":"Flores-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaciones Cl\u00ednicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nelly M.","family":"Vega-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacolog\u00eda, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6634-7494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Estrada-Camarena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacolog\u00eda, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Carino-Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n en Neurociencias Cl\u00ednicas, Instituto de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14839, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6325-7434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge J.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Olvera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaciones Cl\u00ednicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0593-2590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik D.","family":"Morelos-Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuromodulaci\u00f3n, Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaciones Cl\u00ednicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14370, Mexico"},{"name":"Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2023). 2023 World Drug Report: Key Messages, UN iLibrary."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"UNODC (2024). 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