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This study investigated temperature and salinity effects on ovarian development of Lateolabrax maculatus and energy metabolism differences between reproduction and growth. Two salinities (4\u2030 and 30\u2030) and temperatures (18 \u00b1 1 \u00b0C and 30 \u00b1 1 \u00b0C) formed four treatments: SWNT (30\u2030, 30 \u00b1 1 \u00b0C), SWLT (30\u2030, 18 \u00b1 1 \u00b0C), FWLT (4\u2030, 18 \u00b1 1 \u00b0C), and FWNT (4\u2030, 30 \u00b1 1 \u00b0C). GSI and sex hormones (FSH, LH, E2, and 17\u03b1,20\u03b2-DHP) were measured. Transcriptome analysis explored how temperature and salinity regulate ovarian development in L. maculatus, while integrated transcriptomic and targeted energy metabolomic analyses revealed energy metabolism differences between ovary and muscle during this process. The results showed that low salinity (4\u2030) and low temperature (18 \u00b1 1 \u00b0C) synergistically promoted ovarian development in the FWLT group, as indicated by a significant increase in GSI and elevated levels of key sex hormones (FSH, LH, E2, and 17\u03b1,20\u03b2-DHP). Transcriptome analysis showed that low temperature activated pathways involved in steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation, and meiosis, and genes such as ADCY6, PRKACB, CPEB4, FZD7-A, and CCND2 were significantly upregulated. Salinity changes mainly affected amino acid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, and the insulin signaling pathway. Genes such as PCSK9 and CKM may regulate ovarian development by regulating hormone synthesis and energy metabolism. Comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome analyses show that glycolysis is downregulated and oxidative phosphorylation is upregulated in the ovary, suggesting that ovarian oogenesis tends to be energized by aerobic metabolism. The TCA cycle may be used more for providing biosynthetic precursors and facilitating the transport of substrates between the mitochondrion and the cytoplasm rather than just as a source of ATP. Muscle tissue relies primarily on glycolysis for rapid energy production and may redistribute energy to the gonads, prioritizing the energy needs of the ovaries and contributing to the dynamic balance between reproduction and growth. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of how environmental factors regulate fish reproduction, providing a theoretical basis and potential molecular targets for the regulation of reproduction and optimization of aquaculture environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T08:19:32Z","timestamp":1756282772000},"page":"8295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Ovarian Development and Differences in Energy Metabolism Between Reproduction and Growth During Ovarian Development in the Lateolabrax maculatus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yangtao","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods (BRESG), South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China"},{"name":"College of Aqua-Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods (BRESG), South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Beijing 100141, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods (BRESG), South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Beijing 100141, China"},{"name":"Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods (BRESG), South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Beijing 100141, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods (BRESG), South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Beijing 100141, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods (BRESG), South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Beijing 100141, China"},{"name":"Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icr097","article-title":"Thermal performance curves, phenotypic plasticity, and the time scales of temperature exposure","volume":"51","author":"Schulte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Integr. 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