{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:41:14Z","timestamp":1760060474600,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IMSS","award":["R-2022-785-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-2022-785-004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of fetal overgrowth and macrosomia, yet the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Emerging evidence implicates primate-specific placental microRNAs (miRNAs) from the C19MC cluster in modulating fetal growth via the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis. This study aimed to investigate the expression of circulating C19MC miRNAs in GDM pregnancies and their association with IGF axis biomarkers and birthweight outcomes. In this cross-sectional study, 158 pregnant women were stratified into normoglycemic pregnancies (n = 52), GDM with normal birthweight (n = 56), and GDM with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) newborns (n = 50). Plasma levels of 19 C19MC miRNAs and IGF-related proteins were measured. Associations between miRNAs, IGF axis components, and birthweight were analyzed using linear regression and correlation models adjusted for relevant covariates. Several miRNAs, including miR-516a-5p, miR-518d-3p, miR-521, and miR-525-3p, were differentially expressed in GDM, particularly in LGA cases. Strong correlations were observed, such as that of miR-516a-5p with IGFBP-5 (r = 0.705; p &lt; 0.001). Inverse associations with birthweight were found for miR-519b-3p, miR-518d-5p, and miR-520a-5p. Circulating C19MC miRNAs are dysregulated in GDM and correlate with IGF signaling and fetal growth, supporting their potential as early biomarkers for macrosomia risk in GDM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T08:01:01Z","timestamp":1756454461000},"page":"8367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Circulating miRNAs from the C19MC Cluster and IGF System with Macrosomia in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8661-2611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magalhi Guadalupe","family":"Robledo-Clemente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad M\u00e9dica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 3 \u201cDr. V\u00edctor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes S\u00e1nchez\u201d, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, M\u00e9xico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Silva God\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PPCR Program, ECPE Department, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Escuela Nacional Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Hospital General \u201cDra. Matilde Petra Montoya Lafragua\u201d, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, M\u00e9xico City 13273, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Flor","family":"D\u00edaz-Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad M\u00e9dica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 3 \u201cDr. V\u00edctor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes S\u00e1nchez\u201d, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, M\u00e9xico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Mendoza Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad M\u00e9dica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 3 \u201cDr. V\u00edctor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes S\u00e1nchez\u201d, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, M\u00e9xico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9450-8731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Dami\u00e1n","family":"G\u00f3mez Archilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad M\u00e9dica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 3 \u201cDr. V\u00edctor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes S\u00e1nchez\u201d, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, M\u00e9xico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5342-2421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia Daniela","family":"Garc\u00eda Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad M\u00e9dica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 3 \u201cDr. V\u00edctor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes S\u00e1nchez\u201d, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, M\u00e9xico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauricio Ramiro","family":"Cortez Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad M\u00e9dica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 3 \u201cDr. V\u00edctor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes S\u00e1nchez\u201d, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, M\u00e9xico City 02990, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Pe\u00f1a-Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 221, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Toluca 50150, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5167-6156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Saucedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades \u201cDr. Bernardo Sep\u00falveda Guti\u00e9rrez\u201d, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, M\u00e9xico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Committee on Practice Bulletins\u2014Obstetrics (2018). 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