{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:44:21Z","timestamp":1790232261922,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Pukyong National University Industry\u2013University Cooperation Foundation\u2019s 2024 Post-Doc. support project","award":["RS-2022-00167225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-00167225"]}]},{"name":"the R&amp;D Project for development of health functional foods, Ministry of SMEs and Startups, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2022-00167225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-00167225"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stauntonia hexaphylla (Thunb.) Decne (SH), a medicinal plant from the Lardizabalaceae family, holds traditional importance in East Asia for treating rheumatism. Steam treatment is commonly applied to enhance its medicinal properties, but the chemical and biological changes resulting from this process remain unexplored. This study compared steamed and untreated SH fruit (SHF) extracts, analyzing their chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and effects on bone health using in vitro models. Steamed SHF extracts exhibited increased levels of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), total flavonoids, phenolics, and enhanced antioxidant activity. Bone health assessment using osteoclasts differentiated from RAW 264.7 cells and osteoblasts from MC3T3-E1 cells revealed that steamed extracts promoted alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium nodule formation, and collagen synthesis in osteoblasts while inhibiting tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in osteoclasts. Additionally, steamed SHF extracts effectively modulated gene expression related to osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis by downregulating TRAP, NFTAc1, RANK, MMP9, c-Fos, and TRAF6 while upregulating ALP, Runx2, BGLAP, Col1a1, and OPG. The component 5-HMF played a pivotal role in promoting alkaline phosphatase and inhibiting TRAP activities. These findings suggest that steamed SHF may offer a promising therapeutic approach for postmenopausal osteoporosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T16:42:21Z","timestamp":1756485741000},"page":"8411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Steam-Processed Stauntonia hexaphylla (Thunb.) Decne Fruit Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells and Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Awais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, South Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reshmi","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6646-6394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Niaj","family":"Morshed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Hak","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanbangbio Inc., Yongin-si 16954, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byoung Man","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Wook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanbangbio Inc., Yongin-si 16954, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Keun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daedong Korea Ginseng Co., Ltd., 86, Gunbuk-ro, Gunbuk-myeon, Geumsan-gun 32718, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Soon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daedong Korea Ginseng Co., Ltd., 86, Gunbuk-ro, Gunbuk-myeon, Geumsan-gun 32718, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4168-6467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Chan","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanbangbio Inc., Yongin-si 16954, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2394-4728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deok Chun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5523-4627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, South Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"913","article-title":"Leonurus sibiricus L. ethanol extract promotes osteoblast differentiation and inhibits osteoclast formation","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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