{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:49:02Z","timestamp":1787788142448,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government","award":["NRF-2018R1A6A1A03025124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018R1A6A1A03025124"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government","award":["NRF 2022R1A2C1091779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF 2022R1A2C1091779"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the onset and pathogenesis of hearing loss remains a matter of debate. To address this, we conducted a narrative review of the literature on the subject. We performed a literature search of SCOPUS, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases on the production and role of NO in hearing loss using the search terms\/strategy \u201cnitric oxide\u201d AND \u201chearing loss\u201d to ensure a comprehensive review of available studies. Results: Of 186 papers initially retrieved, 166 were unrelated to hearing loss and NO and were excluded. Of the 23 papers ultimately reviewed, 58% (12 articles) reported that NO caused or worsened hearing loss, 26% (5 articles) reported a beneficial effect of NO in the treatment of and\/or defense against hearing loss, and 16% (3 articles) reached no firm conclusion on whether NO played a positive or negative role. This review highlights the dual role of NO in auditory health, where it is essential for normal cochlear function through regulation of blood flow and neurotransmission. However, excessive or dysregulated NO production, particularly via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), can lead to oxidative stress and hearing loss. Conversely, NO also exhibits protective effects in certain contexts, such as reducing noise-induced hearing damage through its antioxidant properties. These findings underscore the potential of NO modulation as a therapeutic strategy for hearing loss, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize its application and understand the conditions under which it is beneficial or harmful.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T16:42:21Z","timestamp":1756485741000},"page":"8416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of Nitric Oxide Expression on Hearing Loss"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yoo Jin","family":"Cha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon Hyung","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Center, Danyang-gun 27010, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6817-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7546-9765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3454-3451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeon Ju","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Keon","family":"Yon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Geun","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.19998.1","article-title":"Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase-Derived Nitric Oxide in the Regulation of Metabolism","volume":"9","author":"Tenopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21599","article-title":"Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase: Regulation, Structure, and Inhibition","volume":"40","author":"Cinelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. 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