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However, the effectiveness of current vaccines and antiviral drugs is limited by viral mutations. Umeboshi, a traditional Japanese food prepared from pickled Prunus mume, is known for its health benefits; certain components of P. mume have exhibited antimicrobial properties. However, the efficacy of P. mume against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus remains unknown. We aimed to examine the antiviral activity of P. mume extracts against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus. Cytopathic effect (CPE) assays and reverse transcription\u2013quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses with full-time treatment demonstrated that four extracts (PM2, PM3, PM4, and PM6) among eight tested inhibited the replication of both viruses. Subsequent time-of-addition assays, plaque assays, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that PM2 directly inactivated viral particles of both viruses by disrupting their structural integrity. Additional evaluations of virion integrity and infectivity suggested that the antiviral activity of PM2 may also involve mechanisms other than direct virion disruption. These findings suggest that P. mume-derived components exhibit direct antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus, supporting their potential development as antiviral agents or infection-preventive dietary products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T15:02:57Z","timestamp":1756825377000},"page":"8487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prunus mume Extract Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus Infection In Vitro by Directly Targeting Viral Particles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mizuki","family":"Tokusanai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Tateishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanako","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nahoko","family":"Fukunishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science Support, Research Innovation Center, University Hospitals Sector, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science Support, Research Innovation Center, University Hospitals Sector, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9354-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryohei","family":"Kono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, 158 Mizuma, Kaizuka 597-0104, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sorama","family":"Natsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Wakayama College, 77 Noshima, Nada, Gobo 644-0023, Wakayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chikara","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Takekoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4422-9547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiharu","family":"Okuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Wakayama College, 77 Noshima, Nada, Gobo 644-0023, Wakayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirotoshi","family":"Utsunomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, 158 Mizuma, Kaizuka 597-0104, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5574-1960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norio","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat 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