{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:52:34Z","timestamp":1789602754360,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":190,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NHG-LKCMedicine clinician-scientist career scheme","award":["CSCS-22-02-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSCS-22-02-01"]}]},{"name":"NHG-LKCMedicine clinician-scientist career scheme","award":["NTF_SRP_P1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTF_SRP_P1"]}]},{"name":"NHG-LKCMedicine clinician-scientist career scheme","award":["PI21\/00054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00054"]}]},{"name":"NHG-LKCMedicine clinician-scientist career scheme","award":["PI24\/00819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI24\/00819"]}]},{"name":"R.Dalan by Ng Teng Fong healthcare innovation program","award":["CSCS-22-02-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSCS-22-02-01"]}]},{"name":"R.Dalan by Ng Teng Fong healthcare innovation program","award":["NTF_SRP_P1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTF_SRP_P1"]}]},{"name":"R.Dalan by Ng Teng Fong healthcare innovation program","award":["PI21\/00054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00054"]}]},{"name":"R.Dalan by Ng Teng Fong healthcare innovation program","award":["PI24\/00819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI24\/00819"]}]},{"name":"J.R.-C. by European Union FEDER funds","award":["CSCS-22-02-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSCS-22-02-01"]}]},{"name":"J.R.-C. by European Union FEDER funds","award":["NTF_SRP_P1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTF_SRP_P1"]}]},{"name":"J.R.-C. by European Union FEDER funds","award":["PI21\/00054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00054"]}]},{"name":"J.R.-C. by European Union FEDER funds","award":["PI24\/00819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI24\/00819"]}]},{"name":"Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria\u2013Acci\u00f3n Estrat\u00e9gica en Salud from \u201cInstituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)\u201d","award":["CSCS-22-02-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSCS-22-02-01"]}]},{"name":"Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria\u2013Acci\u00f3n Estrat\u00e9gica en Salud from \u201cInstituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)\u201d","award":["NTF_SRP_P1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTF_SRP_P1"]}]},{"name":"Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria\u2013Acci\u00f3n Estrat\u00e9gica en Salud from \u201cInstituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)\u201d","award":["PI21\/00054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00054"]}]},{"name":"Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria\u2013Acci\u00f3n Estrat\u00e9gica en Salud from \u201cInstituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)\u201d","award":["PI24\/00819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI24\/00819"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) that cannot be fully explained by traditional cardiometabolic risk factors. The observed \u2018lipid paradox\u2019, where RA patients with lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels exhibit higher CVD risk, may be attributed to post-translational modifications (PTMs). These lipoprotein PTMs likely arise from inflammatory pathways. While PTMs like citrullination and carbamylation are well recognized in RA joint pathology, their occurrence in other protein compartments and their role in CVD have been less well explored. This scoping review summarizes the current literature on PTMs of lipoproteins, including oxidation, nitration, carbamylation, and citrullination, and their impacts on CVD in RA. We also discuss immune responses to these PTMs, their interactions with scavenger receptors, and the effects of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Further research on PTMs may uncover new pathways linking autoimmunity, inflammation, and vascular damage, offering novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for RA-associated CVD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T15:02:57Z","timestamp":1756825377000},"page":"8514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Post-Translational Modifications of Lipoproteins: Emerging Players Linking Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3222-7168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanhui","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jln Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore"},{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0011-5102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Carrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Immunology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Area of Metabolism, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanlei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9630-7435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei Ming","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6631-6321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han Wei","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore"},{"name":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinkoo","family":"Dalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khai Pang","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jln Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2103726","article-title":"Rheumatoid Arthritis\u2014Common Origins, Divergent Mechanisms","volume":"388","author":"Gravallese","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. 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