{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T10:07:55Z","timestamp":1791540475959,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated associations between apolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles and motor manifestations in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia (AD) capitalizing on National Alzheimer\u2019s Coordinating Center data: the baseline evaluations of older adults (\u226560 years) with a diagnosis of AD were analyzed. Those with a concomitant diagnosis Parkinson\u2019s disease or other parkinsonian syndrome, and those treated with anti-parkinsonian agents were excluded. Three APOE groups were formed: APOE2 (APOE2 carriers), APOE3 (APOE3\/APOE3) and APOE4 (APOE4\/APOE4, APOE4\/APOE3). UPDRS-III was used to assess the presence or absence of motor signs in 9 domains. Adjusted binary logistic models featuring the three APOE groups as exposures and motor domains as outcomes were estimated. There were 389 individuals in the APOE2, 1799 in the APOE3 and 2791 in the APOE4 groups. Compared to the APOE2 group, individuals in the APOE4 group had lower odds of having at least one motor sign [0.64 (0.50\u20130.82)]. Among motor signs, rigidity [0.53 (0.34\u20130.81)], bradykinesia [0.56 (0.40\u20130.77)], impaired chair rise [0.54 (0.37\u20130.78)] and impaired posture-gait [0.54 (0.36, 0.81)] exhibited significant associations. Exploratory analyses featuring APOE genotypes suggested dose\u2013response relationships for both APOE2 and APOE4. In conclusion, APOE2 confers a risk towards motor (mainly parkinsonian) signs in AD. APOE4 may have a protective effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T08:08:46Z","timestamp":1756973326000},"page":"8562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Apolipoprotein E Alleles and Motor Signs in Older Adults with Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2958-5220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Liampas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5105-0196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Demiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Siokas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Tsika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5979-9916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chrysa","family":"Marogianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polyxeni","family":"Stamati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7495-6863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grigorios","family":"Nasios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3216-9025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lambros","family":"Messinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Behavioural Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3827-4720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantine G.","family":"Lyketsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2957-641X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efthimios","family":"Dardiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70325-2","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other neurological disorders","volume":"10","author":"Verghese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet. 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