{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:26:27Z","timestamp":1791851187690,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":234,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endocrine dysfunctions refer to alterations in hormone production, release, or regulation that can significantly impact health. In pregnant women or those planning pregnancy, these conditions may manifest as disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothyroidism, endometriosis, gestational diabetes mellitus, and other metabolic issues, which could potentially cause infertility or pregnancy complications. Research and clinical experience indicate that hormones play a crucial role in basic physiology and are essential for overall health and well-being. At the same time, lifestyle\u2014defined as daily habits related to nutrition, exercise, sleep, stress management, and other factors\u2014directly influences microbial composition and hormonal regulation. The human microbiome, a diverse community of microorganisms residing within the human body, plays essential roles in supporting overall health. The increasing prevalence of hormonal disorders, especially in urban populations, has heightened interest in how modern lifestyles\u2014characterised by sedentary habits, chronic stress, imbalanced diets, and inadequate sleep\u2014may contribute to the development or aggravation of these conditions, leading to higher infertility rates or pregnancy complications if untreated. This review investigates the interaction between hormonal dysfunction, the human microbiome, and lifestyle factors, with a focus on their effects on pregnant women and those seeking to conceive. Its purpose is to provide a comprehensive overview of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and to examine preventative and therapeutic approaches that could alter these patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T09:18:57Z","timestamp":1756977537000},"page":"8574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Impact of Lifestyle on Reproductive Health: Microbial Complexity, Hormonal Dysfunction, and Pregnancy Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Eunice","family":"Barraza-Ortega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Tissue Culture, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, Avenida Sabalo Cerritos sn, Mazatl\u00e1n 82112, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3695-3597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"G\u00f3mez-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbial Genomics, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, Avenida Sabalo Cerritos sn, Mazatl\u00e1n 82112, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8793-9963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Garc\u00eda-Gasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Avenida de las Ciencias sn, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennise","family":"Liz\u00e1rraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Embryology, Centro Especializado en Fertilidad y Familia ORIGEN, Mazatl\u00e1n 82126, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Nutriology, Fertility, Hormonal Health and Pregnancy, Plaza Saaghi, Real San Agust\u00edn 302, Monterrey 66260, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4496-2434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra","family":"Garc\u00eda-Gasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Tissue Culture, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, Avenida Sabalo Cerritos sn, Mazatl\u00e1n 82112, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"684","article-title":"Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Teede","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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