{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:43:47Z","timestamp":1777398227457,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-74-10081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-74-10081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ability of the quinonoid sea urchin pigment ethylspinazarin (U-573) to protect mouse Neuro-2a neuronal cells from the neurotoxic effect of one of the Parkinson\u2019s disease inducers, MPP+, was studied. This compound blocked Ca2+ influx and inhibited macropore formation through the P2X7 receptor induced by high concentrations of ATP. Ethylspinazarin at a concentration of 10 \u03bcM increased the viability of neuronal cells treated with the neurotoxin by approximately 15% and reduced the level of NO and ROS to control values. Further, U-573 prevented the MPP+-induced formation of amyloid-like protein aggregates in neuronal cells by approximately 50%. This compound at a dosage of 1 mg\/kg exerted an anti-inflammatory effect in a mouse model of inflammation, reducing ATP-induced paw edema to values of intact animals. Moreover, the potential of ethylspinazarin in providing an antiparkinsonian effect was shown using a mouse model of MPTP-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease. It is likely that the antiparkinsonian activity in in vivo experiments may be mediated by the ability of U-573 to cross the blood\u2013brain barrier. Finally, we found that U-573 effectively inhibits the functioning of ATP-dependent purinergic P2X7 receptors in neuronal cells. This property may be of key importance in the manifestation of the antiparkinsonian activity of this 1,4-naphthoquinone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T09:51:21Z","timestamp":1757065881000},"page":"8639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sea Urchin Pigment Ethylspinazarin (U-573): A Novel P2X7 Receptor Antagonist with Neuroprotective and Antiparkinsonian Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3558-0821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeny","family":"Pislyagin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9961-8350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey","family":"Kozlovskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5587-2610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Agafonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Menchinskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0093-5757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Chingizova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9419-7523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Gorpenchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Scientific Center of East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anatolii","family":"Mirochnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Fedorenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3815-6142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri","family":"Sabutski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergei","family":"Polonik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1073-4994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Aminin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527321666220511205231","article-title":"The emerging role of marine natural products for the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Deepika","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.W., Lee, J.H., Kim, B., Yang, G., and Kim, J.U. (2023). Natural products as the potential to improve Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Int. J. Mol. 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