{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:43:28Z","timestamp":1760060608759,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, M\u00e9xico","award":["SIP20253908","SIP20254383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP20253908","SIP20254383"]}]},{"name":"Sistema Nacional de Investigadores e Investigadoras","award":["SIP20253908","SIP20254383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP20253908","SIP20254383"]}]},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (SECIHTI), M\u00e9xico","award":["SIP20253908","SIP20254383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP20253908","SIP20254383"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anti-lipid autoantibodies are produced in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These antibodies are associated with clinical manifestations of the disease, such as thrombosis, cardiovascular events, and neurological disorders. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to the production of these antibodies are not well known. We developed a mouse model of lupus by administering liposomes bearing non-bilayer phospholipid arrangements (NPA) stabilized by chlorpromazine. These mice produce anti-NPA antibodies that trigger a lupus-like disease. In previous studies, we demonstrated that these antibodies are primarily produced by germinal centers and that NK1.1+ CD4+ T cells provide help to B cells, enabling them to produce these IgG antibodies. However, additional immune cells may contribute to the production of these antibodies. Therefore, in this work, we analyzed the in vivo responses of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and macrophages in this mouse model. We found that \u03b3\u03b4 T cells from mice that produce anti-NPA antibodies produce IFN\u03b3 and IL-17, which can contribute to B cell class switching and production of anti-NPA IgG antibodies via germinal centers. Additionally, we found that macrophages are polarized into a proinflammatory M1 phenotype and produce IL-6 that can exacerbate inflammation and potentially lead to autoimmunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T14:53:01Z","timestamp":1757083981000},"page":"8680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vivo Response of \u03b3\u03b4 T Cells and Macrophages to Non-Bilayer Phospholipid Arrangements in a Lupus-like Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Galarce-Sosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albany","family":"Res\u00e9ndiz-Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Red de Salud del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Ramos-Monteagudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5508-0077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Barrera-Aveleida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7453-6137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Rundquist-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2095-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sa\u00fal","family":"G\u00f3mez-Manzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bioqu\u00edmica Gen\u00e9tica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda, Secretar\u00eda de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2516-0081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Wong-Baeza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red de Salud del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Molecular II, Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Wong-Baeza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Red de Salud del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Baeza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Red de Salud del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2023.05.015","article-title":"Unusual Presentations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"108","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. 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