{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:44:33Z","timestamp":1760060673288,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arsenic (As) is a toxic trace element with neurodevelopmental, carcinogenic, and other adverse effects. Meanwhile, selenium (Se) is an antioxidant trace element with essential physiological roles in humans. The preterm neonate is the most heavily transfused patient. The multiple blood transfusions could expose this vulnerable group to trace elements with variable effects. This study aimed to quantify As and Se in various blood products that were used in neonatal blood transfusions alongside an estimate of a dose per transfusion. In addition to exposure quantification, database mining and molecular docking analysis were performed to explore potential detoxification strategies. Samples from transfusion bags: N = 120; 30 samples of each type of blood product (plasma, platelets, packed RBCs (pRBCs), and whole blood \u201cWB\u201d) were analyzed for As and Se by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The As and Se medians of all blood units were 0.6 and 74 \u03bcg\/L, respectively. About 20% of donors have As levels above 1 \u03bcg\/L. In addition, 74% of donors have Se levels less than 100 \u03bcg\/L (the level of sub-optimal activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase), and 60% of the donors have Se levels below the accepted minimum Se level (80 \u03bcg\/L). The pRBCs were the units with the highest As and Se content. Meanwhile, WBs were the units with the highest dose per transfusion. Key methyl donors\u2014folic acid, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and glutathione (GSH)\u2014showed strong binding affinity to the active site of arsenite methyltransferase (AS3MT), a crucial enzyme in As metabolism. These ligands interacted with conserved catalytic residues such as ASN173, ASP115, and CYS92, suggesting a supportive role in enhancing As methylation and clearance. The present study highlights that neonates are exposed to As and Se via different blood product transfusions with high potential to increase As and decrease Se after transfusion. It is recommended to select donors and screen blood units with optimal Se levels and minimal As content for neonatal transfusions. The integration of in silico docking with exposure assessment adds mechanistic insight and highlights the potential for targeted nutritional interventions to reduce As toxicity in vulnerable neonatal populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26188853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T15:10:46Z","timestamp":1757603446000},"page":"8853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trace Elements in Different Blood Products Used in Neonatal Transfusion: Arsenic and Selenium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sanaa M.","family":"Aly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"},{"name":"CHU Lille, Service de Toxicologie-G\u00e9nopathies, F-59000 Lille, France"},{"name":"Clinical Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai 46618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5346-8956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidi A. A.","family":"Abdellatif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"},{"name":"Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, Tur Sinai, South Sinai 46618, Egypt"},{"name":"Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasmine G.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Radwa A. M.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Osama","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nada Hosny Ahmed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah A.","family":"Hashish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"},{"name":"Pathology Department, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Beauval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Lille, Service de Toxicologie-G\u00e9nopathies, F-59000 Lille, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille, ULR 4483\u2014IMPECS\u2014IMPact de l\u2019EnvironnementChimique sur la Sant\u00e9humaine, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Gaulier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Lille, Service de Toxicologie-G\u00e9nopathies, F-59000 Lille, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille, ULR 4483\u2014IMPECS\u2014IMPact de l\u2019EnvironnementChimique sur la Sant\u00e9humaine, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Allorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Lille, Service de Toxicologie-G\u00e9nopathies, F-59000 Lille, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille, ULR 4483\u2014IMPECS\u2014IMPact de l\u2019EnvironnementChimique sur la Sant\u00e9humaine, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Shalaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Omran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"484","article-title":"Recommendations for transfusion therapy in neonatology","volume":"13","author":"Girelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Transfus."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Vassallo, R., Bachowski, G., Benjamin, R., Borge, D., Dodd, R., Eder, A., Eastvold, P., Goldberg, C., Hopkins, C., and Lima, J. 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