{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:44:42Z","timestamp":1760060682591,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Basic Research Program of China","award":["2010CB530200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010CB530200"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were infected in vitro with the recombinant Brucella melitensis M5+gfp strain. The immunopeptidome of Brucella melitensis M5+gfp, which presented peptides bound to MHC class II molecules on their surface, was isolated and characterized. BMDCs infected with Brucella melitensis M5+gfp were subjected to hypotonic lysis. The associated immunopeptidome was then isolated and characterized using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) coupled with liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS). A total of 289 MHC-II-bound Brucella melitensis M5+gfp peptide sequences were identified, mapping to 183 distinct proteins. We successfully define the Brucella melitensis M5+gfp immunopeptidome presented by MHC-II on infected BMDCs. The source proteins of these peptides exhibited significant abundance and functional, structural, and pathway diversity. This study demonstrates that during antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), Brucella melitensis peptides presented by MHC-II originate from a broad repertoire of proteins, not limited to surface antigens. This complex immunopeptidome, shaped by active selection mechanisms, provides diverse targets for host immune recognition. These findings establish a foundation for further investigation into the transfer of comprehensive immune information between immune cells and the elicitation of immune responses. This work also paves the way for identifying specific T-cell receptors involved in recognition and immune activation, thereby facilitating the analysis of adaptive immunity\u2019s molecular basis. Furthermore, this study provides an innovative approach for immunopeptidome analysis, providing a crucial theoretical foundation for developing novel Brucella melitensis subunit vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26188874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T07:52:28Z","timestamp":1757663548000},"page":"8874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunopeptidome Landscape During Brucella melitensis Infection in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaming","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanghao","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chavda, V.P., and Redwan, E.M. 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