{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T01:48:09Z","timestamp":1777081689878,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic inflammatory disorders of the apocrine gland (CIDAP), such as hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), are characterized by painful, recurrent lesions in apocrine gland-rich areas. First-line treatments\u2014including retinoids and antibiotics\u2014often fail to prevent recurrence and biofilm formation, necessitating the use of targeted biologic therapies. This review evaluated U.S.-based randomized controlled trials and cohort studies published between 2014 and 2024 on the efficacy of such therapies in adult HS patients. A total of 13 studies met inclusion criteria. Agents targeting interleukins (IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-23, IL-1\u03b1, IL-36) and TNF-\u03b1 were assessed, with outcomes including HiSCR, Sartorius scores, DLQI, and patient-reported measures. IL-17 inhibitors (secukinumab, bimekizumab) and IL-1 inhibitors (bermekimab, anakinra) demonstrated promising reductions in inflammatory burden and improved quality of life. TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors, particularly adalimumab and infliximab, consistently achieved HiSCR and HSS improvements. Guselkumab (IL-23) showed limited efficacy in HiSCR but modest pain relief. Safety profiles were generally acceptable across agents, with few serious adverse events. Limitations across studies included small sample sizes, lack of control arms, and short follow-up durations. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of biologic agents in managing HS. A greater emphasis on biomarker-guided treatment selection and interdisciplinary collaboration is warranted to optimize long-term outcomes for patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26188887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T12:34:03Z","timestamp":1757680443000},"page":"8887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Targeted Biologic Therapies for Hidradenitis Suppurativa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5756-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella J.","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen N.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1762-2517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sydney M.","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6944-2381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priya","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.02.005","article-title":"Secukinumab in the treatment of moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa: Results of an open-label trial","volume":"82","author":"Casseres","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00101-6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of bimekizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa (BE HEARD I and BE HEARD II): Two 48-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre phase 3 trials","volume":"403","author":"Kimball","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.10.024","article-title":"A Phase II Open-Label Study of Bermekimab in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa Shows Resolution of Inflammatory Lesions and Pain","volume":"140","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Investig. 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Arthritis Rheumatol., 68, Available online: https:\/\/acrabstracts.org\/abstract\/response-of-hidradenitis-suppurativa-to-biologic-therapy\/."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/18\/8887\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:44:29Z","timestamp":1760035469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/18\/8887"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26188887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26188887","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]}}}