{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:26:27Z","timestamp":1780392387822,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoporosis is a chronic metabolic disease characterised by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased susceptibility to fractures. Its development is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors that regulate bone metabolism. Among the genes involved in bone metabolism, COL1A1 and TNFRSF11B (OPG) are particularly important. The COL1A1 gene encodes the alpha-1 chain of type I collagen, a major component of the bone matrix, and plays a key role in maintaining bone mechanical strength. The TNFRSF11B gene encodes osteoprotegerin (OPG), a protein that inhibits bone resorption by binding the RANKL ligand and blocking osteoclast activation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the association between the rs1107946 and rs1800012 polymorphisms of the COL1A1 gene and the rs2073617 polymorphism of the TNFRSF11B (OPG) gene and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. The study included 590 postmenopausal women: 350 healthy controls, 105 with osteopenia, and 135 with osteoporosis. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR and LightSNiP probes. Associations between genetic variables and BMD were assessed, taking into account environmental factors (BMI, smoking). The presence of the T allele of the rs1800012 variant was initially associated with lower BMD and an increased risk of osteopenia, but this association lost significance after adjustment for BMI and smoking. For rs1107946 and rs2073617,no statistically significant associations were observed. These findings suggest that the studied SNPs have, at most, modest effects on BMD, with environmental influences playing a stronger role. Further research in larger and more diverse cohorts, including FRAX-based risk estimation, is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26188894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T12:34:03Z","timestamp":1757680443000},"page":"8894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Influence of Clinical Factors and Genetic Variants of COL1A1 and TNFRSF11B on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1391-4499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kotrych","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Dental Radiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Wojtu\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Dental Radiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"G\u00f3rska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5455-8315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Bogacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Soczawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Uzar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-230 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Gor\u0105cy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Laboratory of Invasive Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2423-8238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Br\u0105zert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infertility Diagnostics and Treatment, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogus\u0142aw","family":"Czerny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-230 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Kami\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children Orthopedics and Musculosceletal Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adejuyigbe, B., Kallini, J., Chiou, D., and Kallini, J.R. 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