{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:33:22Z","timestamp":1792805602362,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":240,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/017fh2655","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mast cells have been implicated in allergic diseases such as asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, and anaphylaxis. However, it is now well established that they also fulfill critical roles in tissue homeostasis, repair, and defense. Despite considerable progress, their ontogeny, proliferation, and differentiation remain subjects of debate, as does their involvement in a wide spectrum of diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disorders. What remains indisputable is their essential contribution to both innate and adaptive immune responses. Importantly, the activity of their effector molecules can elicit either protective or deleterious outcomes. A complete absence of mast cells (MCs) in humans would undoubtedly provide valuable insight into their fundamental role in immunity, much as neutropenia and agranulocytosis have historically clarified the functions of neutrophils. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of mast cell (MC) biology, emphasizing their functional diversity and pathogenic potential. Furthermore, we highlight emerging therapeutic strategies, particularly the use of inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, which are reshaping current approaches to conditions such as allergy, mastocytosis, and related disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26188895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T12:34:03Z","timestamp":1757680443000},"page":"8895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Role of Mast Cells in Human Health and Disease: Controversies and Novel Therapies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7663-0645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Galv\u00e1n-Morales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunogen\u00e9tica y Alergia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Secci\u00f3n XVI, Alcald\u00eda Tlalpan, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico CP. 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3789-1826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Vizuet-de-Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunogen\u00e9tica y Alergia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Secci\u00f3n XVI, Alcald\u00eda Tlalpan, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico CP. 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7471-9152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josaphat Miguel","family":"Montero-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunogen\u00e9tica y Alergia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Secci\u00f3n XVI, Alcald\u00eda Tlalpan, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico CP. 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1806-1779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis M.","family":"Teran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunogen\u00e9tica y Alergia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Secci\u00f3n XVI, Alcald\u00eda Tlalpan, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico CP. 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribatti, D., and d\u2019Amati, A. (2023). Hematopoiesis and Mast Cell Development. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310679"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.04.025","article-title":"Hemogenic Endothelial Fate Mapping Reveals Dual Developmental Origin of Mast Cells","volume":"48","author":"Gentek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838899","article-title":"Our perception of the mast cell from Paul Ehrlich to now","volume":"39","author":"Beaven","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-004-4480-6","article-title":"The transcription factor profile of human mast cells in comparison with monocytes and granulocytes","volume":"62","author":"Babina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.06.012","article-title":"Antagonistic regulation by the transcription factors C\/EBP\u03b1 and MITF specifies basophil and mast cell fates","volume":"39","author":"Qi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2451094","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202451094","article-title":"CCAAT\/enhancer-binding protein \u03b1-dependent regulation of granule formation in mast cells by intestinal bacteria","volume":"54","author":"Iketani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7839","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801074105","article-title":"Coordinated regulation of transcription factors through Notch2 is an important mediator of mast cell fate","volume":"105","author":"Saito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-014-0457-1","article-title":"Mechanisms controlling mast cell and basophil lineage decisions","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11408","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504197102","article-title":"Identification of mast cell progenitors in adult mice","volume":"102","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14633","article-title":"Single-cell molecular profiling provides a high-resolution map of basophil and mast cell development","volume":"76","author":"Hamey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18105","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509148102","article-title":"Developmental checkpoints of the basophil\/mast cell lineages in adult murine hematopoiesis","volume":"102","author":"Arinobu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2014.01.018","article-title":"Mast cell progenitors: Origin, development and migration to tissues","volume":"63","author":"Dahlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4116","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-03-275404","article-title":"Lineage-instructive function of C\/EBP\u03b1 in multipotent hematopoietic cells and early thymic progenitors","volume":"116","author":"Haanstra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2010.02.013","article-title":"Distinguishing mast cell and granulocyte differentiation at the single-cell level","volume":"6","author":"Franco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2001.790108.x","article-title":"Variable expression of activation-linked surface antigens on human mast cells in health and disease","volume":"179","author":"Valent","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2023.05.002","article-title":"Interleukin-9 promotes mast cell progenitor proliferation and CCR2-dependent mast cell migration in allergic airway inflammation","volume":"16","author":"Pajulas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-12-012781","article-title":"Gurish, M.F. Alpha-4 integrins and VCAM-1, but not MAdCAM-1, are essential for recruitment of mast cell progenitors to the inflamed lung","volume":"108","author":"Abonia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20478","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709651104","article-title":"Pulmonary CXCR2 regulates VCAM-1 and antigen-induced recruitment of mast cell progenitors","volume":"104","author":"Hallgren","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9533-9_2","article-title":"Mast cell progenitor trafficking and maturation","volume":"716","author":"Hallgren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3869","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201200","article-title":"CD11c+ cells are required for antigen-induced increase of mast cells in the lung","volume":"189","author":"Dahlin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2005.01.011","article-title":"GPIIb (CD41) integrin is expressed on mast cells and influences their adhesion properties","volume":"33","author":"Berlanga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hematol. Exp."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.1.52","article-title":"Integrin alphaIIbbeta3 induces the adhesion and activation of mast cells through interaction with fibrinogen","volume":"176","author":"Oki","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.7.2488.2488","article-title":"Angiogenic factors stimulate mast-cell migration","volume":"86","author":"Gruber","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jamur, M.C., Moreno, A.N., Mello, L.F., Souza Junior, D.A., Campos, M.R., Pastor, M.V., Grodzki, A.C., Silva, D.C., and Oliver, C. (2010). Mast cell repopulation of the peritoneal cavity: Contribution of mast cell progenitors versus bone marrow derived committed mast cell precursors. BMC Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-11-32"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1427","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00218.2008","article-title":"Essential role of EP3 sub-type in prostaglandin E2-induced adhesion of mouse cultured and peritonealmast cells to the Arg-Gly-Asp-enriched matrix","volume":"295","author":"Sakanaka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17977","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M301312200","article-title":"Induction of adherent activity in mastocytoma P-815 cells by the cooperation of two prostaglandin E2 receptor subtypes, EP3 and EP4","volume":"278","author":"Hatae","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6114","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0904177","article-title":"The role of the CCL2\/CCR2 axis in mouse mast cell migration in vitro and in vivo","volume":"184","author":"Collington","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4657","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901738","article-title":"Human Mast Cells Adhere to and Migrate on Epithelial and Vascular Basement Membrane Laminins LM-332 and LM-511 via 3 1 Integrin","volume":"183","author":"Sime","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6422","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.9.6422","article-title":"5-hydroxytryptamine induces mast cell adhesion and migration","volume":"177","author":"Gilfillan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-11-078097","article-title":"Mast cells and mastocytosis","volume":"112","author":"Metcalfe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"837","article-title":"Mast cell in innate immunity mediated by proinflammatory and antiinflammatory IL-1 family members","volume":"31","author":"Robuffo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"1061","article-title":"IL-33 mediates allergy through mast cell activation: Potential inhibitory effect of certain cytokines","volume":"32","author":"Tettamanti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gri, G., Frossi, B., D\u2019Inca, F., Danelli, L., Betto, E., Mion, F., Sibilano, R., and Pucillo, C. (2012). Mast cell: An emerging partner in immune interaction. Front. Immunol., 25.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00120"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2500\/108854101778148764","article-title":"Mast cells in allergy and host defense","volume":"22","author":"Taylor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155414545334","article-title":"Mast cell function: A new vision of an old cell","volume":"62","author":"Jamur","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00157-1","article-title":"Regulation of mast cell survival by IgE","volume":"14","author":"Asai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2020.1767061","article-title":"Ligelizumab for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"20","author":"Wedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.3.1290","article-title":"Minimal requirements for IgE-mediated regulation of surface Fc\u03b5RI","volume":"167","author":"Borkowski","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141025","article-title":"Mast cells as \u2018tunable\u2019 effector and immunoregulatory cells: Recent advances","volume":"23","author":"Galli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.02.041","article-title":"Berberine suppresses mast cell-mediated allergic responses via regulating FceRI-mediated and MAPK signaling","volume":"71","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112256","article-title":"Jiang, R. Inhibitory effect of phellodendrine on C48\/80-induced allergic reaction in vitro and in vivo","volume":"134","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00159-5","article-title":"Monomeric IgE stimulates signaling pathways in mast cells that lead to cytokine production and cell survival","volume":"14","author":"Kalesnikoff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"100","article-title":"MAPK is implicated in sepsis, immunity, and inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Saggini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2072","article-title":"New developments in FcepsilonRI regulation, function and inhibition","volume":"7","author":"Kraft","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00e9ndez-Enr\u00edquez, E., and Hallgren, J. (2019). Mast Cells and Their Progenitors in Allergic Asthma. Front. Immunol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00821"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.04.015","article-title":"Molecular regulation of mast cell activation","volume":"117","author":"Rivera","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/nri914","article-title":"Regulation of mast-cell and basophil function and survival by IgE","volume":"2","author":"Kawakami","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/01.all.0000182540.45348.bc","article-title":"Autoantibodies to the high-affinity IgE receptor in chronic urticaria: How important are they?","volume":"5","author":"Sheikh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6517","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801055","article-title":"Fc(epsilon)RI and FcgammaRIII\/CD16 differentially regulate atopic dermatitis in mice","volume":"182","author":"Abboud","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2007.00517.x","article-title":"Insights into immunoglobulin E receptor signaling from structurally defined ligands","volume":"217","author":"Holowka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16152","DOI":"10.1021\/bi981456k","article-title":"Amino acid residues that influence Fc epsilon RI-mediated effector functions of human immunoglobulin E","volume":"37","author":"Sayers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barni, S., Mori, F., Giovannini, M., Liotti, L., Mastrorilli, C., Pecoraro, L., Saretta, F., Castagnoli, R., Arasi, S., and Caminiti, L. (2023). Allergic Proctocolitis: Literature Review and Proposal of a Diagnostic-Therapeutic Algorithm. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13091824"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01344-4","article-title":"Pathogenesis of allergic diseases and implications for therapeutic interventions","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.02.010","article-title":"Food Allergy from Infancy Through Adulthood","volume":"8","author":"Micherer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1782","article-title":"Integrated signalling pathways for mast-cell activation","volume":"6","author":"Gilfillan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3298","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200111)31:11<3298::AID-IMMU3298>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"IgG-dependent activation of human mast cells following up-regulation of Fc\u03b3RI by IFN-\u03b3","volume":"31","author":"Woolhiser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2217\/17460875.3.6.665","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate synthesis and functions in mast cells","volume":"3","author":"Price","year":"2008","journal-title":"Future Lipidol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212800166059","article-title":"Immunobiology of antigen-specific immunoglobulin free light chains in chronic inflammatory diseases","volume":"18","author":"Kormelink","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.05.029","article-title":"Human mast cells as antigen-presenting cells: When is this role important in vivo?","volume":"141","author":"Galli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thio, M., Kormelink, T.G., Fischer, J.M., Blokhuis, B.R., Nijkamp, F.P., and Redegeld, F.A. (2012). Antigen Binding Characteristics of Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains: Crosslinking by Antigen is Essential to Induce Allergic Inflammation. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040986"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-020-00979-5","article-title":"Mast Cell-Specific MRGPRX2: A Key Modulator of Neuro-Immune Interaction in Allergic Diseases","volume":"21","author":"Thapaliya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagamine, M., Kaitani, A., Izawa, K., Ando, T., Yoshikawa, A., Nakamura, M., Maehara, A., Yamamoto, R., Okamoto, Y., and Wang, H. (2024). Neuronal substance P-driven MRGPRX2-dependent mast cell degranulation products differentially promote vascular permeability. Front. Immunol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1477072"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15262","article-title":"Anti-KIT monoclonal antibody CDX-0159 induces profound and durable mast cell suppression in a healthy volunteer study","volume":"77","author":"Alvarado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12045","article-title":"Heterogeneity in the responses of human lung mast cells to stem cell factor","volume":"43","author":"Lewis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2018","article-title":"Role of mast cells in allergic and non-allergic immune responses: Comparison of human and murine data","volume":"7","author":"Bischoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0712354","article-title":"Molecular and stimulus-response profiles illustrate heterogeneity between peripheral and cord blood-derived human mast cells","volume":"95","author":"Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200208)32:8<2308::AID-IMMU2308>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Cultured human intestinal mast cells express functional IL-3 receptors and respond to IL-3 by enhancing growth and IgE receptor-dependent mediator release","volume":"32","author":"Gebhardt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v37.i2-6.30","article-title":"Functions of IL-4 and Control of Its Expression","volume":"37","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.12.030","article-title":"Molecular and structural basis of cytokine receptor pleiotropy in the interleukin-4\/13 system","volume":"132","author":"LaPorte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41435-020-0095-7","article-title":"Evolution and function of interleukin-4 receptor signaling in adaptive immunity and neutrophils","volume":"21","author":"Heeb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3283","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003049","article-title":"A brief history of IL-9","volume":"186","author":"Goswami","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blom, L., Poulsen, B.C., Jensen, B.M., Hansen, A., and Poulsen, L.K. (2011). IL-33 induces IL-9 production in human CD4+ T cells and basophils. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021695"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.08.043","article-title":"IL-4\u2013BATF signaling directly modulates IL-9 producing mucosal mast cell (MMC9) function in experimental food allergy","volume":"147","author":"Tomar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300094","article-title":"The World according to IL-9","volume":"211","author":"Pajulas","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0407200","article-title":"IL-33 induces IL-13 production by mouse mast cells independently of IgE-FcepsilonRI signals","volume":"82","author":"Ho","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21101","article-title":"Ceramide inhibits LPS-induced production of IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 from mast cells","volume":"213","author":"Chiba","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.07.017","article-title":"Non-IgE mediated mast cell activation","volume":"778","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1159\/000087640","article-title":"Chemokine receptor expression by mast cells","volume":"87","author":"Juremalm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Immunol. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7357162","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7357162","article-title":"Cathelicidin LL-37 Affects Surface and Intracellular Toll-Like Receptor Expression in Tissue Mast Cells","volume":"2018","author":"Agier","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2009.10.007","article-title":"Regulation of human mast cell and basophil function by anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a","volume":"128","author":"Ali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.019","article-title":"Regulation of mast cell activation by complement-derived peptides","volume":"92","author":"Erdei","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12378589","article-title":"Complement peptides C3a- and C5a-induced mediator release from dissociated human skin mast cells","volume":"102","author":"Dahinden","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alysandratos, K., Asadi, S., Angelidou, A., Zhang, B., Sismanopoulos, N., Yang, H., and Theoharides, T.C. (2012). Neurotensin and CRH Interactions Augment Human Mast Cell Activation. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048934"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2013.09.017","article-title":"Stress triggers coronary mast cells leading to cardiac events","volume":"112","author":"Alevizos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2010.12.014","article-title":"Mast cells and inflammation","volume":"1822","author":"Theoharides","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-12-469882","article-title":"Increased circulating levels of neurotrophins and elevated expression of their high-affinity receptors on skin and gut mast cells in mastocytosis","volume":"122","author":"Peng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-6705.2004.00115.x","article-title":"Neurotrophin-3 regulates mast cell functions in neonatal mouse skin","volume":"13","author":"Metz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2007.00899.x","article-title":"Neurotrophin-3, but not nerve growth factor, promotes survival of human intestinal mast cells","volume":"19","author":"Lorentz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02705.x","article-title":"Neuropeptides activate human mast cell degranulation and chemokine production","volume":"123","author":"Kulka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-018-1164-5","article-title":"An overview of mast cell pattern recognition receptors","volume":"67","author":"Agier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2016.65131","article-title":"Expression of surface and intracellular Toll-like receptors by mature mast cells","volume":"41","author":"Agier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2782","article-title":"Mast cell-orchestrated immunity to pathogens","volume":"10","author":"Abraham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandig, H., and Bulfone-Paus, S. (2012). TLR signaling in mast cells: Common and unique features. Front. Immunol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00185"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240050226","article-title":"Characterization of whole-cell currents in mucosal and connective tissue rat mast cells using amphotericin-B-perforated patches and temperature control","volume":"432","author":"Hill","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.125977","article-title":"The control effect of histamine on body temperature and respiratory function in IgE-dependent systemic anaphylaxis","volume":"110","author":"Hori","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-019-08729-w","article-title":"A Review of the Contribution of Mast Cells in Wound Healing: Involved Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms","volume":"58","author":"Komi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Voss, M., Kotrba, J., Gaffal, E., Katsoulis-Dimitriou, K., and Dudeck, A. (2021). Mast Cells in the Skin: Defenders of Integrity or Offenders in Inflammation?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202104.0036.v1"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14881","article-title":"The ingenious mast cell: Contemporary insights into mast cell behavior and function","volume":"77","author":"Dahlin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1159\/000500088","article-title":"Physiological Roles of Mast Cells: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2019","volume":"179","author":"Varricchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R217","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(99)80081-7","article-title":"Molecular angiogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Klagsbrun","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.135616","article-title":"Cell behaviors and dynamics during angiogenesis","volume":"143","author":"Betz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13264","article-title":"Do mast cells contribute to the continued survival of vertebrates?","volume":"130","author":"Norrby","year":"2022","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13641","article-title":"Changes in the mast cell distribution in the canine ovary and uterus throughout the estrus cycle","volume":"55","author":"Hamouzova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(00)00564-9","article-title":"Mast cell distribution and density in the normal uterus-metachromatic staining using lectins","volume":"98","author":"Sivridis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.141R001","article-title":"Expression of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors is related to menstruation","volume":"141","author":"Hampton","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen, F., Woudwyk, M., Teles, A., Woidacki, K., Taran, F., Costa, S., Malfertheiner, S.F., and Zenclussen, A.C. (2010). Estradiol and progesterone regulate the migration of mast cells from the periphery to the uterus and induce their maturation and degranulation. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014409"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1383735","article-title":"How cells of the immune system prepare the endometrium for implantation","volume":"32","author":"Teles","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13228","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13228","article-title":"Significance of mast cells in spermatogenesis, implantation, pregnancy, and abortion: Cross talk and molecular mechanisms","volume":"83","author":"Komi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1159\/000087572","article-title":"Role of mast cell protease in tissue remodeling","volume":"87","author":"Saito","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Immunol. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2001.03392.x","article-title":"Sunlight, immunosuppression and skin cancer: Role of histamine and mast cells","volume":"28","author":"Hart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.12.2045","article-title":"Dermal mast cells determine susceptibility to ultraviolet B-induced systemic suppression of contact hypersensitivity responses in mice","volume":"187","author":"Hart","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1503","article-title":"Mast cell-derived interleukin 10 limits skin pathology in contact dermatitis and chronic irradiation with ultraviolet B","volume":"8","author":"Grimbaldeston","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0708448","article-title":"Endogenous suppression of mast cell development and survival by IL-4 and IL-10","volume":"85","author":"Speiran","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2010.35","article-title":"Mast cell homeostasis and the JAK-STAT pathway","volume":"11","author":"Morales","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-024-01974-6","article-title":"Histamine and TH2 cytokines regulate the biosynthesis of cysteinyl-leukotrienes and expression of their receptors in human mast cells","volume":"74","author":"Gehlhaar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803951","article-title":"Mast cell-dependent contraction of human airway smooth muscle cell-containing collagen gels: Influence of cytokines, matrix metalloproteases, and serine proteases","volume":"183","author":"Margulis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-009-0165-4","article-title":"Physiological and pathophysiological functions of intestinal mast cells","volume":"31","author":"Bischoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.6.1135","article-title":"Mast cells can secrete vascular permeability factor\/ vascular endothelial cell growth factor and exhibit enhanced release after immunoglobulin E-dependent upregulation of fc epsilon receptor I expression","volume":"188","author":"Boesiger","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.09.019","article-title":"Skin microbiome promotes mast cell maturation by triggering stem cell factor production in keratinocytes","volume":"139","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E504","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00462.2018","article-title":"Increased mast cell abundance in adipose tissue of metabolic syndrome: Relevance to the proinflammatory state and increased adipose tissue fibrosis","volume":"316","author":"Gurung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.02.005","article-title":"Mast cell-sensory neuron crosstalk in allergic diseases","volume":"153","author":"Bao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-014-1609-9","article-title":"Communication between mast cells and rat submucosal neurons","volume":"467","author":"Bell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.4.1910","article-title":"Induction of a selective and persistent extravasation of neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity by tryptase mouse mast cell protease 6","volume":"160","author":"Huang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2656","article-title":"TLR3-induced activation of mast cells modulates CD8+ T-cell recruitment","volume":"106","author":"Orinska","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4930","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-02-486217","article-title":"Mast cell and macrophage chemokines CXCL1\/CXCL2 control the early stage of neutrophil recruitment during tissue inflammation","volume":"121","author":"Dudeck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lampiasi, N. (2022). Interactions between Macrophages and Mast Cells in the Female Reproductive System. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105414"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.6.3577","article-title":"Dendritic cell modulation by mast cells controls the Th1\/Th2 balance in responding T cells","volume":"177","author":"Mazzoni","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Migalovich-Sheikhet, H., Friedman, S., Mankuta, D., and Levi-Schaffer, F. (2012). Novel identified receptors on mast cells. Front. Immunol., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00238"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piliponsky, A.M., Acharya, M., and Shubin, N.J. (2019). Mast Cells in Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Infection Immunity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20122851"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katsoulis-Dimitriou, K., Kotrba, J., Voss, M., Dudeck, J., and Dudeck, A. (2020). Mast Cell Functions Linking Innate Sensing to Adaptive in responding immunity. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202011.0016.v1"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxf069","article-title":"Variable expression of Toll-like receptor in murine innate and adaptive immune cell lines","volume":"14","author":"Applequist","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.09.009","article-title":"Mast cells: Versatile regulators of inflammation, tissue remodeling, host defense, and homeostasis","volume":"49","author":"Galli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1159\/000489646","article-title":"Modulation of Mast Cell Toll-Like Receptor 3 Expression and Cytokines Release by Histamine","volume":"46","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fritscher, J., Amberger, D., Dyckhoff, S., Bewersdorf, S.P., Masouris, I., Voelk, S., Hammerschmidt, S., Schmetzer, M.M., Klein, M., and Pfister, H.W. (2018). Mast Cells Are Activated by Streptococcus pneumoniae In Vitro but Dispensable for the Host Defense Against Pneumococcal Central Nervous System Infection In Vivo. Front. Immunol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00550"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20500","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1908816116","article-title":"Mast cells are critical for controlling the bacterial burden and the healing of infected wounds","volume":"116","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2006.11.006","article-title":"New and emerging roles for mast cells in host defence","volume":"19","author":"Dawicki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.01.031","article-title":"Mast cells within cellular networks","volume":"144","author":"Stassen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.06.024","article-title":"The Role of Mast Cells in Bacterial Infection","volume":"186","author":"Johnzon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaav0216","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aav0216","article-title":"MRGPR mediated activation of local mast cells clears cutaneous bacterial infection and protects against reinfection","volume":"5","author":"Arifuzzaman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2018.01.016","article-title":"Activation of mast cells in skin abscess induced by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection in mice","volume":"118","author":"Lei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12297","article-title":"Mast cells are activated by Staphylococcus aureus in vitro but do not influence the outcome of intraperitoneal S. aureus infection in vivo","volume":"143","author":"Johnzon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marshall, J.S., Portales-Cervantes, L., and Leong, E. (2019). Mast Cell Responses to Viruses and Pathogen Products. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174241"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2003.08.014","article-title":"Extensive mast cell degranulation in bovine respiratory syncytial virus-associated paroxystic respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"97","author":"Jolly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.01.011","article-title":"Mast cell degranulation is induced by A549 airway epithelial cell infected with respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"386","author":"Shirato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2010.00958.x","article-title":"Mosquito allergy: Clinical features and natural course","volume":"37","author":"Kanokvalai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8408","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.16.8408-8419.2002","article-title":"Dengue virus selectively induces human mast cell chemokine production","volume":"76","author":"King","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2017.3765","article-title":"Role of Mast Cells in Dengue Virus Pathogenesis","volume":"36","author":"Troupin","year":"2017","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00617-17","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00617-17","article-title":"Transcriptional Profiling Confirms the Therapeutic Effects of Mast Cell Stabilization in a Dengue Disease Model","volume":"91","author":"Morrison","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_149","first-page":"128","article-title":"The mast cell and gut nematodes: Damage and defence","volume":"90","author":"Pennock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Immunol. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2014.02.003","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi-induced megaoesophagus: Is there a role for mast cell proteases?","volume":"75","author":"Martins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0568-8","article-title":"Mast cell activation in the skin of Plasmodium falciparum malaria patients","volume":"7","author":"Wilainam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naqvi, N., Ahuja, K., Selvapandiyan, A., Dey, R., Nakhasi, H., and Puri, N. (2017). Role of Mast Cells in clearance of Leishmania through extracellular trap formation. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12753-1"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06810.x","article-title":"The use of biological agents for the treatment of fungal asthma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"1272","author":"Moss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_154","first-page":"225","article-title":"Immunology of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"42","author":"Kurup","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian J. Chest Dis. Allied Sci."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, M., Song, X., Liu, B., Luan, T., Liao, S., and Zhao, Z. (2021). The Emerging Role of Mast Cells in Response to Fungal Infection. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.688659"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2021.12.002","article-title":"Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis","volume":"43","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Chest Med."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u017belechowska, P., Pastwi\u0144ska, J., Brzezi\u0144ska-B\u0142aszczyk, E., and Justyna Agier, J. (2021). Do Mast Cells Contribute to the Antifungal Host Defense?. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102510"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2008.09.002","article-title":"Zymosan treatment of mouse mast cells enhances dectin-1 expression and induces dectin-1-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation","volume":"214","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-024-01126-0","article-title":"Using the Right Criteria for MCAS","volume":"24","author":"Gulen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.29262\/ram.v70i3.1269","article-title":"Control de asma grave predominantemente eosinofilica con el uso de anti IL-5","volume":"70","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Alerg. Mex."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e646","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000646","article-title":"Updated Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Mast Cell Disorders: A Consensus Proposal","volume":"5","author":"Valent","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hemasphere"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rydz, A., Lange, M., Lugowska-Umer, H., Sikorska, M., Nowicki, R.J., Morales-Cabeza, C., and Alvarez-Twose, I. (2024). Diffuse Cutaneous Mastocytosis: A Current Understanding of a Rare Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031401"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2016.08.017","article-title":"Mastocytosis and Anaphylaxis","volume":"37","author":"Schuch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. Allergy Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piris-Villaespesa, M., and Alvarez-Twose, I. (2020). Systemic Mastocytosis: Following the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Roadmap. Front. Pharmacol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00443"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26962","article-title":"Systemic mastocytosis in adults: 2023 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management","volume":"98","author":"Pardanani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s40487-018-0086-2","article-title":"Mastocytosis: One Word for Different Diseases","volume":"6","author":"Criscuolo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-022-03423-3","article-title":"The international consensus classification of mastocytosis and related entities","volume":"482","author":"Leguit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-024-00737-8","article-title":"Systemic Mastocytosis: State of the Art","volume":"19","author":"Farmer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Hematol. Malig. Rep."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108892","article-title":"Current and future therapeutics targeting mast cells in disease","volume":"273","author":"Worrall","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.8.3117.bloodjournal8783117","article-title":"A point mutation in the catalytic domain of c-kit induces growth factor independence, tumorigenicity, and differentiation of mast cells","volume":"87","author":"Piao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116761","article-title":"Identification of mutations in the coding sequence of the proto-oncogene c-kit in a human mast cell leukemia cell line causing ligand-independent activation of c-kit product","volume":"92","author":"Furitsu","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(05)70303-8","article-title":"A proposed classification of mastocytosis incorporating molecular genetics","volume":"14","author":"Longley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-10-053058","article-title":"Genetic and pharmacologic evidence implicating the p85 alpha, but not p85 beta, regulatory subunit of PI3K and Rac2 GTPase in regulating oncogenic KIT-induced transformation in acute myeloid leukemia and systemic mastocytosis","volume":"110","author":"Munugalavadla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V85.3.790.bloodjournal853790","article-title":"Constitutively activating mutations of c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase confer factor-independent growth and tumorigenicity of factor-dependent hematopoietic cell lines","volume":"85","author":"Kitayama","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molderings, G.J., Haenisch, B., Bogdanow, M., Fimmers, R., and N\u00f6then, M.M. (2013). Familial occurrence of systemic mast cell activation disease. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076241"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15584","article-title":"KITD816V mutation in blood for the diagnostic screening of systemic mastocytosis and mast cell activation syndromes","volume":"78","author":"Henriques","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.05.036","article-title":"A distinct biomolecular profile identifies monoclonal mast cell disorders in patients with idiopathic anaphylaxis","volume":"141","author":"Carter","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-2234","article-title":"Advances in the Classification and Treatment of Mastocytosis: Current Status and Outlook toward the Future","volume":"77","author":"Valent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8712-1","article-title":"Understanding asthma phenotypes, endotypes, and mechanisms of disease","volume":"56","author":"Kuruvilla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costanzo, G., Marchetti, M., Ledda, A.G., Sambugaro, G., Bullita, M., Paoletti, G., Heffler, E., Firinu, D., and Costanzo, A.L. (2024). Mast Cells in Allergic and Non-Allergic Upper Airways Diseases: Sentinel in the Watchtower. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312615"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2003.01652.x","article-title":"Mucosal and systemic inflammatory changes in allergic rhinitis and asthma: A comparison between upper and lower airways","volume":"33","author":"Braunstahl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-018-0786-6","article-title":"Mast Cell Interactions and Crosstalk in Regulating Allergic Inflammation","volume":"18","author":"Velez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Befus, A.D., and Kulka, M. (2014). Mast cell mediators: Their differential release and the secretory pathways involved. Front. Immunol., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00569"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bannert, C., Bidmon-Fliegenschnee, B., Stary, G., Hotzy, F., Stift, J., Nurko, S., Sz\u00e9pfalusi, Z., Fiebiger, E., and Dehlink, E. (2012). Fc-epsilon-RI, the high affinity IgE-receptor, is robustly expressed in the upper gastrointestinal tract and modulated by mucosal inflammation. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042066"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McNeil, B.D. (2021). MRGPRX2 and adverse drug reactions. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.676354"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thapaliya, M., and Ali, H. (2023). GRK2 differentially regulates Fc\u03b5RI and MRGPRB2-mediated responses in mast cells. Front. Immunol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1155777"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13815-w","article-title":"The mechanistic and functional profile of the therapeutic anti-IgE antibody ligelizumab differs from omalizumab","volume":"11","author":"Gasser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-018-0288-z","article-title":"Urticaria and angioedema","volume":"14","author":"Kanani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120233","article-title":"Clinical phenotypes and biomarkers in chronic urticaria","volume":"571","author":"Batyrbayeva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.306","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in patients with chronic idiopathic\/spontaneous urticaria who remain symptomatic on H1 antihistamines: A randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"135","author":"Saini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1159\/000446012","article-title":"Peripheral Mechanisms of Itch","volume":"50","author":"Azimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4331","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0716-08.2008","article-title":"Cowhage-evoked itch is mediated by a novel cysteine protease: A ligand of protease-activated receptors","volume":"28","author":"Reddy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2024.03.002","article-title":"Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase inhibition for the treatment of allergic disorders","volume":"133","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6176","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-15-06176.2003","article-title":"Proteinase-activated receptor-2 mediates itch: A novel pathway for pruritus in human skin","volume":"23","author":"Neisius","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.03.023","article-title":"Peripheral and Central Mechanisms of Itch","volume":"98","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13397","article-title":"The EAACI\/GA(2)LEN\/EDF\/WAO guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis and management of urticaria","volume":"73","author":"Zuberbier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yanase, Y., Takahagi, S., Ozawa, K., and Hide, M. (2021). The role of coagulation and complement factors for mast cell activation in the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071759"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.10.035","article-title":"IL-24 is a common and specific autoantigen of IgE in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"142","author":"Schmetzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15585","article-title":"Anti-KIT antibody, barzolvolimab, reduces skin mast cells and disease activity in chronic inducible urticarial","volume":"78","author":"Hawro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_200","first-page":"18","article-title":"Role of IL-4 and IL-31 in mastocytosis","volume":"8","author":"Tei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvae066","article-title":"Mast cells: A novel therapeutic avenue for cardiovascular diseases?","volume":"120","author":"Poto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020776807187","article-title":"Immunological modulation of human cardiac mast cells","volume":"24","author":"Marone","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kovanen, P.T. (2019). Mast Cells as Potential Accelerators of Human Atherosclerosis-From Early to Late Lesions. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184479"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5482\/HAMO-14-08-0034","article-title":"The role of mast cells in atherosclerosis","volume":"35","author":"Wezel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hamostaseologie"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.06.006","article-title":"Cardiac Mast Cells: Underappreciated Immune Cells in Cardiovascular Homeostasis and Disease","volume":"41","author":"Varricchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160081","article-title":"Mast cells regulate myofilament calcium sensitization and heart function after myocardial infarction","volume":"213","author":"Ngkelo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1690","article-title":"Mast cell tryptase may modulate endothelial cell phenotype in healing myocardial infarcts","volume":"205","author":"Somasundaram","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11248-008-9214-3","article-title":"Biological effects of FoxJ2 over-expression","volume":"17","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transgenic Res."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul, S., and Pickrell, A.M. (2021). Hidden phenotypes of PINK1\/Parkin knockout mice. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj., 1865.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2021.129871"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.10.971","article-title":"Stem cell factor in mast cells and increased mast cell density in idiopathic and ischemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"97","author":"Patella","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.14712\/fb2016062040160","article-title":"Mast Cells Might Have a Protective Role against the Development of Calcification and Hyalinisation in Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis","volume":"62","author":"Milutinovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Folia Biol."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-012-9565-z","article-title":"Mast cells in human stenotic aortic valves are associated with the severity of stenosis","volume":"36","author":"Wypasek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.10.013","article-title":"Mast cells in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease\u2014Activators and actions","volume":"816","author":"Kovanen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.025","article-title":"Vascular neuropeptide Y contributes to atherosclerotic plaque progression and perivascular mast cell activation","volume":"235","author":"Lagraauw","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.303570","article-title":"Mast cells as effectors in atherosclerosis","volume":"35","author":"Bot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2014.02.020","article-title":"Mastocitos como dianas para la inmunoterapia de tumores s\u00f3lidos","volume":"63","author":"Oldford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2021.08.010","article-title":"Controversial role of mast cells in breast cancer tumor progression and angiogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Ribatti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pai.0000173054.83414.22","article-title":"KIT (CD117): A review on expression in normal and neoplastic tissues, and mutations and their clinicopathologic correlation","volume":"13","author":"Miettinen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-16-0466","article-title":"Imatinib Spares cKit-Expressing Prostate Neuroendocrine Tumors, whereas Kills Seminal Vesicle Epithelial-Stromal Tumors by Targeting PDGFR-beta","volume":"16","author":"Jachetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_220","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mast cells and cancer: Enemies or allies?","volume":"63","author":"Dyduch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pol. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-011-9276-1","article-title":"Mast cell: Insight into remodeling a tumor microenvironment","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-21-3424","article-title":"Few, but Efficient: The Role of Mast Cells in Breast Cancer and Other Solid Tumors","volume":"82","author":"Majorini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.14654","article-title":"Controversial role of mast cells in NSCLC tumor progression and angiogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Longo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thorac. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fucikova, J., Palova-Jelinkova, L., Bartunkova, J., and Spisek, R. (2019). Induction of tolerance and immunity by dendritic cells: Mechanisms and clinical applications. Front. Immunol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02393"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levick, S.P., and Widiapradja, A. (2018). Mast Cells: Key Contributors to Cardiac Fibrosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010231"},{"key":"ref_226","first-page":"161","article-title":"Expressions of Mast Cell Tryptase and Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Myocardium of Sudden Death due to Hypersensitivity and Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease","volume":"32","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12626","article-title":"The controversial role of mast cells in fibrosis","volume":"282","author":"Bradding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Legere, S.A., Ian D Haidl, I.D., L\u00e9gar\u00e9, J.F., and Marshall, J.S. (2019). Mast Cells in Cardiac Fibrosis: New Insights Suggest Opportunities for Intervention. Front. Immunol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00580"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.04.001","article-title":"Mast cells in rheumatoid arthritis: Friends or foes?","volume":"16","author":"Rivellese","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melissa A Brown, M.A., and Hatfield, J.K. (2012). Mast Cells are Important Modifiers of Autoimmune Disease: With so Much Evidence, Why is There Still Controversy?. Front. Immunol., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00147"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246126","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/246126","article-title":"Mast cell and autoimmune diseases","volume":"2015","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3208","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-023-07923-3","article-title":"Addressing Controversies in Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: Analysis Using the Cluster Instrument","volume":"68","author":"Hamilton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.01.013","article-title":"Dilemma of Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: Overdiagnosed or Underdiagnosed?","volume":"12","author":"Akin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G89","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00333.2016","article-title":"The emerging role of mast cells in liver disease","volume":"313","author":"Jarido","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwiatkowski, J., Akpang, N., Ziemkiewicz, Z., Zaborowska, L., and Ludwin, A. (2025). Molecular Insights into Elevated Autoantibodies in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178192"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-07259-w","article-title":"Masitinib as a neuroprotective agent: A scoping review of preclinical and clinical evidence","volume":"45","author":"Hamad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, H., Li, J., and Zhang, K. (2023). Pathogenic role of S100 proteins in psoriasis. Front. Immunol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1191645"},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conti, P., Pregliasco, F.E., Bellomo, R.G., Gallenga, C.E., Caraffa, A., Kritas, S.K., Lauritano, D., Ronconi, G., Lauritano, D., and Ronconi, G. (2021). Mast Cell Cytokines IL-1, IL-33, and IL-36 Mediate Skin Inflammation in Psoriasis: A Novel Therapeutic Approach with the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines IL-37, IL-38, and IL-1Ra. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158076"},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI129697","article-title":"The anti-IgE mAb omalizumab induces adverse reactions by engaging Fc\u03b3 receptors","volume":"130","author":"Balbino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2005-0290","article-title":"Despite inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor cell growth in vitro, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib does not impair engraftment of human CD133+ cells into NOD\/SCIDbeta2mNull mice","volume":"24","author":"Pirson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stem Cells"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/18\/8895\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:44:35Z","timestamp":1760035475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/18\/8895"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"references-count":240,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26188895"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26188895","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]}}}