{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:05:53Z","timestamp":1790093153847,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary complications are an important yet underappreciated aspect of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). These conditions often manifest with extraintestinal symptoms that can significantly influence the clinical trajectory of the disease. Pulmonary involvement in IBD can range from mild symptoms, such as a persistent cough, to severe conditions, including interstitial lung disease or pulmonary embolism. This systematic review aims to assess the prevalence, clinical presentations, and implications of pulmonary involvement in IBD patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed database up to the 1st of May 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on studies involving adult IBD patients with documented pulmonary symptoms, evaluated through clinical, radiological, and histopathological approaches. Of the 463 studies identified, 27 met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 36,264 patients. Pulmonary manifestations were classified into airway diseases and parenchymal involvement. Airway diseases, including bronchiectasis and chronic bronchitis, were the most common, followed by parenchymal conditions such as organizing pneumonia and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Smoking was identified as a significant risk factor for pulmonary involvement. Pulmonary involvement in IBD is diverse and often underdiagnosed. Early recognition and management are crucial to improving patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26188912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T07:33:02Z","timestamp":1758007982000},"page":"8912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["From Gut to Lungs: The Hidden Respiratory Impacts of IBD: A Systematic Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ionela","family":"Preotesoiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Faculty of General Medicine, \u201cOvidius\u201d University, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana","family":"Alexandrescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, \u201cSf. Apostol Andrei\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of General Medicine, \u201cOvidius\u201d University, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Cimpineanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of General Medicine, \u201cOvidius\u201d University, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Nephrology Department, \u201cSf. Apostol Andrei\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioan Tiberiu","family":"Tofolean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, \u201cSf. Apostol Andrei\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of General Medicine, \u201cOvidius\u201d University, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9701-4438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ionut Valentin","family":"Stanciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of General Medicine, \u201cOvidius\u201d University, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Pneumology Department, \u201cSf. Apostol Andrei\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Herlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7268-3723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugen","family":"Dumitru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, \u201cSf. Apostol Andrei\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of General Medicine, \u201cOvidius\u201d University, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria Maria","family":"Alexandrescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 040051 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Dina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, \u201cSf. Apostol Andrei\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina Daniela","family":"Aftenie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, \u201cSf. Apostol Andrei\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5872-4381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreea","family":"Nelson Twakor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, \u201cSf. Apostol Andrei\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4057-348X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doina Ecaterina","family":"Tofolean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of General Medicine, \u201cOvidius\u201d University, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Pneumology Department, \u201cSf. Apostol Andrei\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"McDowell, C., Farooq, U., and Haseeb, M. (2025, September 07). Inflammatory Bowel Disease. [Updated 4 August 2023], StatPearls [Internet], Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK470312\/."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Ulcerative Colitis Epidemiology Analysis and Forecast to 2031, Market Research Reports & Consulting|GlobalData UK Ltd.. Available online: https:\/\/www.globaldata.com\/store\/report\/ulcerative-colitis-epidemiology-analysis\/."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Clinical Trials Arena (2025, September 07). Exploring Prevalence Patterns of CD and UC in the US, Canada, 5EU, and Japan. 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