{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T03:50:54Z","timestamp":1784173854793,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI17\/01614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI17\/01614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI20\/00417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI20\/00417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI23\/00532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI23\/00532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union (ERDF\/ESF, \u201cInvesting in your future\u201d)","award":["PI17\/01614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI17\/01614"]}]},{"name":"European Union (ERDF\/ESF, \u201cInvesting in your future\u201d)","award":["PI20\/00417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI20\/00417"]}]},{"name":"European Union (ERDF\/ESF, \u201cInvesting in your future\u201d)","award":["PI23\/00532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI23\/00532"]}]},{"name":"\u201cFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional","award":["PI17\/01614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI17\/01614"]}]},{"name":"\u201cFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional","award":["PI20\/00417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI20\/00417"]}]},{"name":"\u201cFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional","award":["PI23\/00532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI23\/00532"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prematurity is associated with a higher risk of developing short- and long-term metabolic complications. However, the concrete mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study was to characterize early urinary metabolic adaptations linked to preterm birth. Urine samples collected at one month of age were compared between extremely and very preterm neonates (&lt;32 weeks gestation) (n = 45) and term newborns (n = 96). Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques were both applied and analyzed independently. Univariate analysis and multivariate analyses were utilized to assess the impact of preterm birth on the metabolites identified. Multiblock analysis was further used to evaluate the effect of prematurity on biological functions. A profound impact of prematurity was observed. Both experimental groups differed in the concentrations of 240 metabolites from the LC-MS dataset and 52 from the NMR one. Multivariate analyses confirmed a significant and important separation between groups. Finally, multiblock analysis identified six major biological outcomes affected by preterm birth: nitrogen metabolism, growth, neurochemical metabolism, microbiota metabolism, cell defense, and metabolic alterations. Most of the observed variations exhibited biological plausibility and were consistent with reported health complications associated with preterm birth. In conclusion, preterm birth is linked to a specific fingerprint in the urinary metabolome, reflecting metabolic adaptations in multiple systems occurring at one month of age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26188953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T07:33:02Z","timestamp":1758007982000},"page":"8953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neonatal Urine Metabolic Signature Reflects Multisystemic Adaptations Linked to Preterm Birth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3980-0270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pere","family":"Bibiloni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), Edifici Mateu Orfila, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, IdISBa, 07010 Palma, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2870-0012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Charles","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), INRAE, INSERM, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Cobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, IdISBa, 07010 Palma, Spain"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Son Espases, 07010 Palma, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Victoria","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Cabanillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, IdISBa, 07010 Palma, Spain"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Son Espases, 07010 Palma, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7454-6610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"DeLucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), Edifici Mateu Orfila, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, IdISBa, 07010 Palma, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Tardivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), INRAE, INSERM, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6759-5844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catalina","family":"Pic\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), Edifici Mateu Orfila, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, IdISBa, 07010 Palma, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Artificial Intelligence Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IAIB), 07122 Palma, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8307-9732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), Edifici Mateu Orfila, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, IdISBa, 07010 Palma, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juana","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), Edifici Mateu Orfila, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, IdISBa, 07010 Palma, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2023, August 30). 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