{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T04:56:24Z","timestamp":1788411384776,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":176,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PIACERI 2024\u20132026, University of Catania, Italy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Orexin is a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus that plays a key role in regulating slee\u2014wake cycles, energy metabolism, feeding behavior, and physical activity. It exists in two forms, orexin-A and orexin-B, which bind to G protein-coupled receptors OX1R and OX2R with differing affinities. Orexin signaling is widespread in the brain and extends to peripheral tissues, including adipose tissue. Its involvement in hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic circuits suggests a broad role in homeostatic regulation. Dysfunctions in the orexinergic system are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer\u2019s, Parkinson\u2019s, and multiple sclerosis, particularly through mechanisms involving sleep disturbances and neuroinflammation. This study examines how orexin influences neural circuits related to arousal, motivation, and motor control. It also explores how physical activity stimulates orexin release, enhancing neuroplasticity and cognitive resilience. In addition, orexin\u2019s role in reward-related feeding, genetic susceptibility to obesity, and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis is discussed. Overall, the orexinergic system represents a vital neurochemical link between physical activity, metabolism, and cognitive health. Although many of its mechanisms remain to be clarified, its central role in integrating energy balance and behavioral responses makes it a promising target for future therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26188980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T08:56:46Z","timestamp":1758013006000},"page":"8980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Orexin and Lifestyle Habits: A Meaningful Connection Among Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Sleep Pattern in Health and Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5637-1685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ersilia","family":"Nigro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical, Biological, Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy"},{"name":"CEINGE-Biotechnologies Advances S.c.a r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Argentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEINGE-Biotechnologies Advances S.c.a r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience, International School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8260-8890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Musumeci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Daniele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEINGE-Biotechnologies Advances S.c.a r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Biotechnological Medicine, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13665","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13665","article-title":"The Orexin Story, Sleep and Sleep Disturbances","volume":"31","author":"Pizza","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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