{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T21:43:58Z","timestamp":1789767838960,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neutrophils, a first-line defender, has a multifaceted presence in chronic inflammation, autoimmune pathology, and tumor progression. The microenvironmental cues facilitate functional plasticity and phenotypic heterogeneity to neutrophils that enable both their protective and pathogenic roles. Autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) display the presence of dysregulated subsets of neutrophil, such as low-density granulocytes (LDGs) that promote proinflammation and contribute to tissue damage via NETosis and type I interferon-mediated signaling. In cancer, particularly tumors, they exhibit tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) which may polarize either towards anti-tumorigenic \u2018N1\u2019 or pro-tumorigenic \u2018N2\u2019 phenotypes based on available modulators such as TGF-\u03b2 and leucine-driven epigenetic modifications. The development in neutrophil biology has introduced several novel therapeutic strategies that allow NET targeting, inhibition of chemokine receptors like CXCR2, and exploration of neutrophil-derived biomarkers for diagnosis and disease monitoring. Such findings encourage the importance of neutrophils as both effectors and therapeutic targets in inflammatory and neoplastic conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26189040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T11:00:00Z","timestamp":1758106800000},"page":"9040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Roles of Neutrophils in Autoimmune Diseases and Cancers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5495-6611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anjali","family":"Bhargav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6751-5741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hershey Medical Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7065-7767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neeraj Kumar","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.02.002","article-title":"Developmental Analysis of Bone Marrow Neutrophils Reveals Populations Specialized in Expansion, Trafficking, and Effector Functions","volume":"48","author":"Evrard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.4MIR0220-574RR","article-title":"Neutrophils at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"108","author":"Rosales","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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