{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T11:19:04Z","timestamp":1768994344047,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Beyond sensing bitter-tasting compounds, bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) have been demonstrated to play a functional role in proton secretion as a key mechanism of gastric acid secretion (GAS) and the cellular uptake of the zinc metal ion. Given its chemical similarity and comparable effects in GAS, we focused this work on cadmium and hypothesized that gastric TAS2Rs are involved in (i) cadmium-induced inhibition of proton secretion and (ii) in its cellular uptake. To test this hypothesis, immortalized human parietal HGT-1 cells were exposed to 62.5\u20131000 \u00b5M CdCl2 for 30 min to elucidate TAS2R-mediated proton secretory activity (PSA) using a fluorescence-based pH cell assay and to quantitate cellular cadmium uptake by ICP-MS. HGT-1 cells exposed to CdCl2 exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in PSA, accompanied by a corresponding increase in intracellular cadmium concentrations. Following a TAS2R RT-qPCR screening, the functional roles of TAS2R8 and TAS2R10 were clarified using a siRNA knockdown approach, demonstrating that TAS2R8 promotes and TAS2R10 mediates protection against excessive cellular cadmium accumulation. An additional cDNA microarray screening revealed, via gene ontology analysis, a distinct gene association of TAS2R8 and TAS2R10 with several metal ion transporters. These results provide the first evidence for a specific role of individual TAS2Rs beyond taste perception, particularly in metal ion homeostasis and gastric physiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26189166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T12:33:32Z","timestamp":1758285212000},"page":"9166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bitter Taste Receptors TAS2R8 and TAS2R10 Reduce Proton Secretion and Differentially Modulate Cadmium Uptake in Immortalized Human Gastric Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"H. Noreen","family":"Orth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"},{"name":"Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Pirkwieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Giridhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Boger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8039-1341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark M.","family":"Somoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"},{"name":"Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Dunkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2456-9245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronika","family":"Somoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Chair of Nutritional Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6260","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703728114","article-title":"Caffeine Induces Gastric Acid Secretion via Bitter Taste Signaling in Gastric Parietal Cells","volume":"114","author":"Liszt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11591","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c05228","article-title":"Bitter Peptides YFYPEL, VAPFPEVF, and YQEPVLGPVRGPFPIIV, Released during Gastric Digestion of Casein, Stimulate Mechanisms of Gastric Acid Secretion via Bitter Taste Receptors TAS2R16 and TAS2R38","volume":"70","author":"Richter","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10550","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c03061","article-title":"Astringent Gallic Acid in Red Wine Regulates Mechanisms of Gastric Acid Secretion via Activation of Bitter Taste Sensing Receptor TAS2R4","volume":"69","author":"Sterneder","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3434","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b06285","article-title":"Bitter-Tasting Amino Acids l-Arginine and l-Isoleucine Differentially Regulate Proton Secretion via T2R1 Signaling in Human Parietal Cells in Culture","volume":"68","author":"Stoeger","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.03.139","article-title":"The Human Bitter Taste Receptor TAS2R7 Facilitates the Detection of Bitter Salts","volume":"512","author":"Behrens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjz024","article-title":"Metal Ions Activate the Human Taste Receptor TAS2R7","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orth, H.N., Pirkwieser, P., Benthin, J., Koehler, M., Sterneder, S., Parlar, E., Schaudy, E., Lietard, J., Michel, T., and Boger, V. (2025). Bitter Taste Receptor TAS2R43 Co-Regulates Mechanisms of Gastric Acid Secretion and Zinc Homeostasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136017"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BIOM.0000045730.01633.45","article-title":"Renal Dysfunction of Cadmium-Exposed Workers Residing in a Cadmium-Polluted Environment","volume":"17","author":"Jin","year":"2004","journal-title":"BioMetals"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2013.02.010","article-title":"Toxicogenomic Approaches for Understanding Molecular Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity","volume":"216","author":"Koedrith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-010-9336-y","article-title":"Cellular Mechanisms of Cadmium Toxicity Related to the Homeostasis of Essential Metals","volume":"23","author":"Moulis","year":"2010","journal-title":"BioMetals"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14060650","article-title":"Modulation of Adverse Health Effects of Environmental Cadmium Exposure by Zinc and Its Transporters","volume":"14","author":"Cirovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, July 25). Cadmium. Available online: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database\/Home\/Chemical\/1376."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0742-8413(87)90133-2","article-title":"Displacement of Zinc and Copper from Copper-Induced Metallothionein by Cadmium and by Mercury: In Vivo and Ex Vivo Studies","volume":"86","author":"Funk","year":"1987","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C Comp. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2010.03.010","article-title":"Cadmium Inhibits Acid Secretion in Stimulated Frog Gastric Mucosa","volume":"245","author":"Gerbino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.327","article-title":"Zinc Salts Provide a Novel, Prolonged and Rapid Inhibition of Gastric Acid Secretion","volume":"106","author":"Kirchhoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:74:2:153","article-title":"Cadmium-Induced Changes in Parietal Cell Structure and Functions of Rats","volume":"74","author":"Asar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(92)90152-5","article-title":"Interaction of Cadmium with Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Receptors: Implications for Toxicity","volume":"75","author":"Giridhar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"545","article-title":"Activation of Estrogen Receptor-\u03b1 by the Heavy Metal Cadmium","volume":"14","author":"Stoica","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.01.013","article-title":"Cadmium and Cellular Signaling Cascades: To Be or Not to Be?","volume":"238","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5198(19)40065-6","article-title":"Purification and Characterization of (H++ K+)-ATPase from Hog Gastric Mucosa","volume":"52","author":"Hongo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1993.1124","article-title":"Inhibition of Na, K-ATPase by Cadmium; Different Mechanisms in Different Species","volume":"121","author":"Pfaff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.2.599","article-title":"Cadmium Inhibits Vacuolar H+ATPase-Mediated Acidification in the Rat Epididymis","volume":"63","author":"Sabolic","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.11.067","article-title":"Cd2+ versus Zn2+ Uptake by the ZIP8 HCO3-Dependent Symporter: Kinetics, Electrogenicity and Trafficking","volume":"365","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1306.011","article-title":"Divalent Metal Transporter 1 in Lead and Cadmium Transport","volume":"1012","author":"Bressler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2020.11.005","article-title":"Promotion of Cadmium Uptake and Cadmium-Induced Toxicity by the Copper Transporter CTR1 in HepG2 and ZFL Cells","volume":"7","author":"Kwok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2454-y","article-title":"Zinc Transporter Proteins","volume":"43","author":"Baltaci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3401","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406085102","article-title":"Identification of Mouse SLC39A8 as the Transporter Responsible for Cadmium-Induced Toxicity in the Testis","volume":"102","author":"Dalton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1039\/c2mt20024d","article-title":"Roles of ZIP8, ZIP14, and DMT1 in Transport of Cadmium and Manganese in Mouse Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells","volume":"4","author":"Fujishiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu204","article-title":"Comparing Gene Expression during Cadmium Uptake and Distribution: Untreated versus Oral Cd-Treated Wild-Type and ZIP14 Knockout Mice","volume":"143","author":"Somarathna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2005.01.018","article-title":"The Effect of Pharmacologically Altered Gastric PH on Cadmium Absorption from the Diet and Its Accumulation in Murine Tissues","volume":"43","author":"Waisberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2008.04.001","article-title":"Effect of Hemolytic and Iron-Deficiency Anemia on Intestinal Absorption and Tissue Accumulation of Cadmium","volume":"179","author":"Min","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.941021058","article-title":"Intestinal Absorption of Dietary Cadmium in Women Depends on Body Iron Stores and Fiber Intake","volume":"102","author":"Berglund","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(89)90090-2","article-title":"Dosage-Dependent Absorption of Cadmium in the Rat Intestine Measured in Situ","volume":"100","author":"Goon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(97)03878-2","article-title":"Effects of Zinc and Copper on Cadmium Uptake by Brush Border Membrane Vesicles","volume":"91","author":"Endo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.23.361","article-title":"Effects of Dietary Protein, Calcium, Phosphorus and Fiber on Renal Accumulation of Exogenous Cadmium in Young Rats","volume":"23","author":"Omori","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1993.1225","article-title":"Nephrotoxicity in Rats Following Liver Transplantation from Cadmium-Exposed Rats","volume":"123","author":"Chan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(79)90010-0","article-title":"Cadmium, Zinc and Copper in Horse Kidney Metallothionein","volume":"20","author":"Nordberg","year":"1979","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390490273460","article-title":"Accumulation of Dietary Cadmium (Cd) in Rabbit Tissues and Excretions: A Comparison of Lettuce Amended with Soluble Cd Salt and Lettuce with Plant-Incorporated Cd","volume":"67","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health-Part A"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duarte, A.C., Rosado, T., Costa, A.R., Santos, J., Gallardo, E., Quintela, T., Ishikawa, H., Schwerk, C., Schroten, H., and Gon\u00e7alves, I. (2020). The Bitter Taste Receptor TAS2R14 Regulates Resveratrol Transport across the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier. Biochem. Pharmacol., 177.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.113953"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","article-title":"Gene Ontology: Tool for the Unification of Biology","volume":"25","author":"Ashburner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iyad031","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyad031","article-title":"The Gene Ontology Knowledgebase in 2023","volume":"224","author":"Aleksander","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D672","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad1025","article-title":"The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024","volume":"52","author":"Milacic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, G., Feng, X., and Stein, L. (2010). A Human Functional Protein Interaction Network and Its Application to Cancer Data Analysis. Genome Biol.","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2010-11-5-r53"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100001","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.123.001140","article-title":"International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXVII: Taste 2 Receptors\u2014Structures, Functions, Activators, and Blockers","volume":"77","author":"Behrens","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nayak, A.P., Shah, S.D., Michael, J.V., and Deshpande, D.A. (2019). Bitter Taste Receptors for Asthma Therapeutics. Front. Physiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00884"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kertesz, Z., Harrington, E.O., Braza, J., Guarino, B.D., and Chichger, H. (2022). Agonists for Bitter Taste Receptors T2R10 and T2R38 Attenuate LPS-Induced Permeability of the Pulmonary Endothelium in Vitro. Front. Physiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.794370"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4957","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c00388","article-title":"Discovery and Development of S6821 and S7958 as Potent TAS2R8 Antagonists","volume":"63","author":"Fotsing","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202402866","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202402866","article-title":"Membrane Transporters Modulating the Toxicity of Arsenic, Cadmium, and Mercury in Human Cells","volume":"8","author":"Ferdigg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci. Alliance"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3976","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.8b00511","article-title":"Reassessment of the Transport Mechanism of the Human Zinc Transporter SLC39A2","volume":"57","author":"Franz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McNeill, R.V., Mason, A.S., Hodson, M.E., Catto, J.W.F., and Southgate, J. (2019). Specificity of the Metallothionein-1 Response by Cadmium-Exposed Normal Human Urothelial Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061344"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2024.103771","article-title":"Transmembrane and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Dietary Supplements in Reducing Cadmium Absorption and Toxicity","volume":"36","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528209181066","article-title":"Role of Delayed Gastric Emptying in the Pathogenesis of Cysteamine-Induced Duodenal Ulcer in the Rat","volume":"17","author":"Kirkegaard","year":"1982","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"1541","article-title":"Characterization of a Newly Established Human Gastric Cancer Cell Line Hgt-1 Bearing Histamine H2-Receptors","volume":"42","author":"Laboisse","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1021\/jf903614d","article-title":"Measurement of the Intracellular Ph in Human Stomach Cells: A Novel Approach to Evaluate the Gastric Acid Secretory Potential of Coffee Beverages","volume":"58","author":"Weiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1039\/C7MT00285H","article-title":"Single-Cell Analysis by ICP-MS\/MS as a Fast Tool for Cellular Bioavailability Studies of Arsenite","volume":"10","author":"Meyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.139157","article-title":"Gastric Digestion of the Sweet-Tasting Plant Protein Thaumatin Releases Bitter Peptides That Reduce H. Pylori Induced pro-Inflammatory IL-17A Release via the TAS2R16 Bitter Taste Receptor","volume":"448","author":"Richter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15408","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66079-w","article-title":"Impaired Metal Perception and Regulation of Associated Human Foliate Papillae Tongue Transcriptome in Long-COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Danzer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201200846","article-title":"Nonivamide, a Capsaicin Analog, Increases Dopamine and Serotonin Release in SH-SY5Y Cells via a TRPV1-Independent Pathway","volume":"57","author":"Rohm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1039\/c3fo60097a","article-title":"N\u03b5-Carboxymethyllysine (CML), a Maillard Reaction Product, Stimulates Serotonin Release and Activates the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) in SH-SY5Y Cells","volume":"4","author":"Holik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behr, J., Michel, T., Giridhar, M., Santhosh, S., Das, A., Sabzalipoor, H., Keki, T., Parlar, E., Ili\u0107, I., and Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Red\u00edn, G. (2024). An Open-Source Advanced Maskless Synthesizer for Light-Directed Chemical Synthesis of Large Nucleic Acid Libraries and Microarrays. ChemRxiv, 1\u201320.","DOI":"10.26434\/chemrxiv-2024-j4c90"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holik, A.K., Schweiger, K., Stoeger, V., Lieder, B., Reiner, A., Zopun, M., Hoi, J.K., Kretschy, N., Somoza, M.M., and Kriwanek, S. (2021). Gastric Serotonin Biosynthesis and Its Functional Role in L-Arginine-Induced Gastric Proton Secretion. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115881"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"1","article-title":"High-Efficiency Reverse (5\u2019\u21923\u2019) Synthesis of Complex DNA Microarrays","volume":"8","author":"Hoi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/19.2.185","article-title":"A Comparison of Normalization Methods for High Density Oligonucleotide Array Data Based on Variance and Bias","volume":"19","author":"Bolstad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","article-title":"Limma Powers Differential Expression Analyses for RNA-Sequencing and Microarray Studies","volume":"43","author":"Ritchie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Gao, C., and Dusa, A. (2025, July 18). GgVennDiagram: A \u201cggplot2\u201d Implement of Venn Diagram 2025. Available online: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=venn."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.97","article-title":"Mapping Identifiers for the Integration of Genomic Datasets with the R\/Bioconductor Package BiomaRt","volume":"4","author":"Durinck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303","article-title":"Cytoscape: A Software Environment for Integrated Models","volume":"13","author":"Shannon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/18\/9166\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:49:10Z","timestamp":1760035750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/18\/9166"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26189166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26189166","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]}}}