{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:18:17Z","timestamp":1791944297384,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP24K14802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24K14802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are associated with the dysfunction of proximal tubular epithelial (PTE) cells in lifestyle diseases. Urinary stones induce cytotoxicity in PTE cells, and various medicines have been developed to mitigate or prevent their generation\/accumulation. The leaves of Quercus salicina Blume\/Q. stenophylla Makino\u2014used in Japanese folk medicine\u2014contain quercetin, hesperidin, and p-hydroxycinnamic (p-coumaric) acid, which can suppress the cytotoxicity of intra-\/extracellular AGEs. This review investigated the effects of quercetin, hesperidin, and p-coumaric acid on PTE cells in terms of their metabolism following oral administration and the associated organs and bacteria. Current evidence indicates that, in PTE cells, non-metabolized quercetin and p-coumaric acid may suppress intra-\/extracellular AGE-induced cytotoxicity, whereas the metabolites of quercetin and hesperidin may inhibit the generation of AGEs. However, little is known of the effects of p-coumaric acid metabolites. Quercetin, hesperidin, and p-coumaric acid may collectively suppress the cytotoxicity of intra-\/extracellular AGEs in PTE cells. This review on the current paradigm of Q. salicina\/Q. stenophylla extract provides a useful baseline for the design of further preclinical and clinical investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26189216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T13:04:44Z","timestamp":1758546284000},"page":"9216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Potential of Orally Administered Quercetin, Hesperidin, and p-Coumaric Acid in Suppressing Intra-\/Extracellular Advanced Glycation End-Product-Induced Cytotoxicity in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0514-8584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takanobu","family":"Takata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular and Genetic Biology, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Moriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"},{"name":"General Medical Center, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0331-3753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsuhito","family":"Miyazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada 920-0393, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2662-0024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohsuke","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0108-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0250-7556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity Toxin Syndrome, Shijiazhuang 050011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity Toxin Syndrome, Shijiazhuang 050011, China"},{"name":"Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Nakahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"},{"name":"General Medical Center, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6690-5409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuichi","family":"Mizuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8639-6955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinya","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada 920-0393, Ishikawa, Japan"},{"name":"Inoue Iin Clinic, Kusatsu 525-0034, Shiga, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5897-8800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Togen","family":"Masauji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiharu","family":"Motoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Fukui Saiseikai Hospital, Wadanaka 918-8503, Fukui, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plotuna, I.S., Balas, M., Golu, I., Amzar, D., Popescu, R., Petrica, L., Vlad, A., Luches, D., Vlad, D.C., and Vlad, M. 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