{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:43:23Z","timestamp":1791924203467,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Renal involvement is an important complication of multiple myeloma (MM) and is related not only to worse clinical outcomes but also to lower quality of life, particularly when progressing to end-stage renal disease. Traditionally, MM patients were not considered eligible for kidney transplant; however, these paradigms are changing. The new era of MM therapies brought proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and, most recently, cellular therapies, leading to longer survival and sustained hematological responses. Knowledge of cytogenetic abnormalities has helped risk stratification. These advances result in the identification of patients who achieve durable remission and may benefit from kidney transplant programs as an option for renal replacement therapy. Reported 5-year allograft survival ranges from 50 to 66%, progression-free survival is 44%, and overall survival is 61%, depending on pre-transplant remission depth. This review summarizes updated available evidence regarding kidney transplants in MM, proposes evidence-based eligibility criteria for kidney transplantation in this population, and outlines therapeutic strategies for long-term follow-up. In conclusion, kidney transplantation may be a feasible option for carefully selected MM patients achieving deep and sustained remission, though prospective data are still needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T08:56:44Z","timestamp":1758790604000},"page":"9358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Kidney Transplantation in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Current Evidence, Challenges, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Natacha","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Unidade de Sa\u00fade Local Santa Maria, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Unidade de Sa\u00fade Local Santa Maria, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Unidade de Sa\u00fade Local Santa Maria, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8782-0383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Telma","family":"Pais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Unidade de Sa\u00fade Local Santa Maria, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Unidade de Sa\u00fade Local Santa Maria, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.5414\/CN111241","article-title":"Kidney Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma in 2023: A Short Review","volume":"102","author":"Ferreira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003136","article-title":"KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Candidates for Kidney Transplantation","volume":"104","author":"Chadban","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mella, A., Clari, R., Deiana, V., Giraudi, R., Giovinazzo, G., Gallo, E., Dolla, C., Lavacca, A., Manzione, A.M., and Fop, F. (2025). Pre-Existing Oncohematological Disease in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Impact on Graft Survival, Acute Rejection, and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes. Front. Immunol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1629521"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2021.09.002","article-title":"Transplant Onconephrology in Patients with Kidney Transplants","volume":"29","author":"Murakami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Chronic Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djy167","article-title":"Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Receiving Systemic Treatment for Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study","volume":"111","author":"Kitchlu","year":"2019","journal-title":"JNCI J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy079","article-title":"Aetiology and Management of Acute Kidney Injury in Multiple Myeloma","volume":"33","author":"Sprangers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-022-03014-w","article-title":"Renal Recovery after Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Urgent Hemodialysis Is not Associated with Improved Survival of Patients with Multiple Myeloma","volume":"192","author":"Sulu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ir. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002449","article-title":"Kidney Transplant in the Era of Modern Therapy for Multiple Myeloma","volume":"102","author":"Huskey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2020.1867725","article-title":"Renal insufficiency in multiple myeloma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized trials from 2005\u20132019","volume":"62","author":"Mohyuddin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-024-05860-3","article-title":"Update on kidney injury caused by multiple myeloma","volume":"103","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00223-1","article-title":"Management of multiple myeloma-related renal impairment: Recommendations from the International Myeloma Working Group","volume":"24","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2024.104264","article-title":"Kidney disease in multiple myeloma","volume":"54","author":"Bridoux","year":"2025","journal-title":"Presse Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64142-9","article-title":"Mapping the Binding Domain of Immunoglobulin Light Chains for Tamm-Horsfall Protein","volume":"158","author":"Ying","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-0295-4","article-title":"Serum free light chain level at diagnosis in myeloma cast nephropathy\u2014A multicentre study","volume":"10","author":"Yadav","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0077-4","article-title":"The evaluation of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: A consensus report of the International Kidney and Monoclonal Gammopathy Research Group","volume":"15","author":"Leung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-08-737163","article-title":"Treatment of B-cell disorder improves renal outcome of patients with monoclonal gammopathy\u2013associated C3 glomerulopathy","volume":"129","author":"Chauvet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2019.05.010","article-title":"Renal Impairment at Diagnosis in Myeloma: Patient Characteristics, Treatment, and Impact on Outcomes. Results From the Australia and New Zealand Myeloma and Related Diseases Registry","volume":"19","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190601126602","article-title":"Renal failure in multiple myeloma: Incidence, correlations, and prognostic significance","volume":"48","author":"Bamias","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1994.tb00190.x","article-title":"Renal function in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma\u2014A demographic study of 1353 patients","volume":"53","author":"Knudsen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Branco, C., Silva, M., Rodrigues, N., Vieira, J., Forjaz Lacerda, J., and Lopes, J.A. (2025). The Role of High-Risk Cytogenetics in Acute Kidney Injury of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Cohort Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136108"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23416","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23416","article-title":"Severe renal impairment as an adverse prognostic factor for survival in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz211","article-title":"Incidence, prognostic impact and clinical outcomes of renal impairment in patients with multiple myeloma: A population-based registry","volume":"36","author":"Courant","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-142274","article-title":"Efficacy of Ixazomib and Bortezomib with Lenalidomide Combination Regimens for Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review","volume":"136","author":"Sana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-12-687749","article-title":"Daratumumab depletes CD38+ immune regulatory cells, promotes T-cell expansion, and skews T-cell repertoire in multiple myeloma","volume":"128","author":"Krejcik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024850","article-title":"Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma","volume":"384","author":"Munshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2016.11.004","article-title":"Multiple myeloma epidemiology and survival: A unique malignancy","volume":"43","author":"Kazandjian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-023-01809-3","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in multiple myeloma patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant: A cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, N., Branco, C., Sousa, G., Silva, M., Costa, C., Marques, F., Vasconcelos, P., Martins, C., and Lopes, J.A. (2025). Risk Factors and Long-Term Outcomes of Acute Kidney Disease in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant\u2014Cohort Study. Cancers, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17030538"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfac196","article-title":"Outcomes of kidney transplantation in patients with myeloma and amyloidosis in the USA","volume":"37","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp679","article-title":"Incidence and outcome of patients starting renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease due to multiple myeloma or light-chain deposit disease: An ERA-EDTA Registry study","volume":"25","author":"Tsakiris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.01.003","article-title":"Kidney Transplant Outcomes of Patients with Multiple Myeloma","volume":"7","author":"Heybeli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"14","article-title":"Evaluation of transplant candidates with pre-existing malignancies","volume":"2","author":"Penn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.09.020","article-title":"Long-term outcome of renal transplantation in light-chain deposition disease","volume":"43","author":"Leung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfz128","article-title":"Kidney transplantation for active multiple myeloma or smoldering myeloma: A case-control study","volume":"14","author":"Kormann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-07-658872","article-title":"Natural history and outcome of light chain deposition disease","volume":"126","author":"Sayed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24528","article-title":"Outcomes of patients with renal monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease","volume":"91","author":"Kourelis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.02.337","article-title":"Kidney Transplantation in Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease: A Report of 6 Cases","volume":"78","author":"Tovar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00714-5","article-title":"Outcomes of renal transplantation in patients with AL amyloidosis: An international collaboration through The International Kidney and Monoclonal Gammopathy Research Group","volume":"12","author":"Havasi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4103\/ijot.ijot_90_24","article-title":"Bortezomib-based Chemotherapy and Bone-marrow Followed by Renal Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma: A Literature Review","volume":"19","author":"Sethi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Indian J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.3727\/096368915X688560","article-title":"Hematopoietic Cell and Renal Transplantation in Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Patients","volume":"25","author":"Baraldi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-83-5-651","article-title":"Renal transplantation in multiple myeloma. A case report","volume":"83","author":"Humphrey","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-022-03353-5","article-title":"Multiple myeloma with high-risk cytogenetics and its treatment approach","volume":"115","author":"Hanamura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4691","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-10-299487","article-title":"Consensus recommendations for the uniform reporting of clinical trials: International Myeloma Working Group consensus statement","volume":"117","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"555","article-title":"Measurable residual disease by flow cytometry in multiple myeloma: A consensus approach from the European Myeloma Network","volume":"31","author":"Paiva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-198212000-00014","article-title":"Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group","volume":"5","author":"Oken","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.051291","article-title":"Kidney Transplant Working Group of the Canadian Society of Transplantation. Canadian Society of Transplantation consensus guidelines on eligibility for kidney transplantation","volume":"173","author":"Knoll","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfz003","article-title":"Multiple myeloma and kidney transplantation: The beginning of a new era","volume":"12","author":"Sprangers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab232","article-title":"Mapping health-related quality of life after kidney transplantation by group comparisons: A systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6942","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-210695","article-title":"Cardiovascular Events in Multiple Myeloma: A Retrospective Review of the SEER-Medicare Claims Database","volume":"144","author":"Vardell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-019-0183-y","article-title":"Management of cardiovascular risk in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"9","author":"Plummer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"815013","article-title":"Multiple myeloma and diabetes","volume":"1","author":"Issa","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISRN Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-12-615187","article-title":"Geriatric assessment predicts survival and toxicities in elderly myeloma patients: An International Myeloma Working Group report","volume":"125","author":"Palumbo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100757","article-title":"Second primary malignancies in multiple myeloma: A review","volume":"46","author":"Poh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2019.1671689","article-title":"Why It is Important to Consider Social Support When Assessing Organ Transplant Candidates?","volume":"19","author":"Maldonado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Bioeth."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfy137","article-title":"Risk of Relapse of Multiple Myeloma Following Kidney Transplantation","volume":"12","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geraldes, C., Roque, A., Sarmento-Ribeiro, A.B., Neves, M., Ionita, A., Gerivaz, R., Tom\u00e9, A., Afonso, S., Silveira, M.P., and Sousa, P. (2024). Practical Management of Disease-Related Manifestations and Drug Toxicities in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Front. Oncol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1282300"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01506-9","article-title":"Inflammation and Infection in Plasma Cell Disorders: How Pathogens Shape the Fate of Patients","volume":"36","author":"Caro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2021.02.002","article-title":"Epidemiology and Risks of Infections in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Managed with New Generation Therapies","volume":"21","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tete, S.M., Bijl, M., Sahota, S.S., and Bos, N.A. (2014). Immune Defects in the Risk of Infection and Response to Vaccination in Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Multiple Myeloma. Front. Immunol., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00257"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13506","article-title":"Efficacy of Proteasome Inhibitor-based Maintenance Following Autologous Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Parrondo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, X., Jin, C., Zheng, G., He, D., Zhao, Y., Li, Y., Wu, W., Zheng, W., Wei, G., and Zhang, E. (2021). Different Patient Subgroup Different Maintenance, Proteasome Inhibitors or Immunomodulators Maintenance for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A 7-Year Single-Center Data in China. Front. Oncol., 11, Erratum in Front. Oncol. 2021, 11, 740715.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.740715"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610276","DOI":"10.3389\/pore.2022.1610276","article-title":"Targeted Venetoclax Therapy in t(11;14) Multiple Myeloma: Real World Data From Seven Hungarian Centers","volume":"28","author":"Szita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathol. Oncol. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa361","article-title":"Kidney Transplantation in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Narrative Analysis and Review of the Last Two Decades","volume":"37","author":"Chitty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.16100","article-title":"Executive Summary of Consensus Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention of Infection in Patients with Multiple Myeloma","volume":"53","author":"Teh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intern. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.46989\/001c.137860","article-title":"Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Standard of Care Management of Patients in the Gulf Region","volume":"7","author":"Alhuraiji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Hematol. Int."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2017.1.508","article-title":"Management of Multiple Myeloma in the Relapsed\/Refractory Patient","volume":"2017","author":"Sonneveld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hematology"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/19\/9358\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:49:25Z","timestamp":1760035765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/19\/9358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26199358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26199358","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]}}}