{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:22:10Z","timestamp":1791901330978,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":216,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Curcumin is a diarylheptanoid polyphenol compound derived from the plant species Curcuma longa. For thousands of years, it has been used as a dietary supplement, food coloring agent, and natural antibiotic in many Asian countries. Recent studies have also investigated its potential therapeutic role in a variety of inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis, irritable bowel syndrome, sepsis, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Although individual studies have reported beneficial effects, a comprehensive discussion on findings across these conditions has been lacking. This review systematically evaluates the therapeutic potential of curcumin in inflammatory diseases. Literature was sourced through a PubMed search using relevant terms such as curcumin, treatment, and the names of each targeted disease over the past two decades. We discussed the key findings on how curcumin administration was associated with improvements in disease markers, symptom relief, or progression delay. Despite promising research outcomes, the current evidence underscores the need for more robust, large-scale studies to confirm these effects and guide the clinical applications of curcumin in managing inflammatory disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T12:48:28Z","timestamp":1758804508000},"page":"9366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Curcumin in Inflammatory Complications: Therapeutic Applications and Clinical Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2452-0363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber","family":"Zafar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT 84045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divya","family":"Lahori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT 84045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleeza F.","family":"Namit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT 84045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zackery","family":"Paxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT 84045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Ratna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT 84045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dallin","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT 84045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6502-7800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kota V.","family":"Ramana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT 84045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malvankar, S., Jaiswal, P., Bhat, P.P., and Mehto, S. (2025). Regulation of Cancer by Inflammasomes: From Inflammation to Tumorigenesis. Front. Immunol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1611719"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aleksandrowicz, M., Konop, M., Rybka, M., Mazurek, \u0141., Stradczuk-Mazurek, M., Kciuk, M., B\u0105dzy\u0144ska, B., Dobrowolski, L., and Kuczeriszka, M. (2025). Dysfunction of Microcirculation in Atherosclerosis: Implications of Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136467"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-025-02069-6","article-title":"Exploring the Intersection of Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: The Role of Inflammation and Complement Activation","volume":"74","author":"Vataja","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-025-01760-8","article-title":"NSAID-Encapsulated Nanoparticles as a Targeted Therapeutic Platform for Modulating Chronic Inflammation and Inhibiting Cancer Progression: A Review","volume":"33","author":"Sankar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-025-01767-1","article-title":"Impact of NSAIDs, Corticosteroids, DMARDs, Biologics and Their Comparisons with Natural Products in C-Reactive Proteins (CRP) Linked Cardiovascular Disorders","volume":"33","author":"Satapathy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bindu, S., Mazumder, S., and Bandyopadhyay, U. (2020). Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Organ Damage: A Current Perspective. Biochem. Pharmacol., 180.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114147"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.092163","article-title":"Dose-Related Patterns of Glucocorticoid-Induced Side Effects","volume":"68","author":"Huscher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakadate, K., Ito, N., Kawakami, K., and Yamazaki, N. (2025). Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Plant-Derived Compounds and Prevention of Chronic Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Applications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26115206"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, S.A., Joo, B.J., Lee, J.S., Ryu, G., Han, M., Kim, W.Y., Park, H.H., Lee, J.H., and Lee, C.S. (2020). Phytochemicals as Anti-Inflammatory Agents in Animal Models of Prevalent Inflammatory Diseases. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25245932"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yahfoufi, N., Alsadi, N., Jambi, M., and Matar, C. (2018). The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Polyphenols. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111618"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2174\/1570179420666230607124949","article-title":"The Golden Spice for Life: Turmeric with the Pharmacological Benefits of Curcuminoids Components, Including Curcumin, Bisdemethoxycurcumin, and Demethoxycurcumins","volume":"21","author":"Shahrajabian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Org. Synth."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-7452-4","article-title":"Curcumin: From Ancient Medicine to Current Clinical Trials","volume":"65","author":"Hatcher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557520666200414161316","article-title":"Traditional Uses, Therapeutic Effects and Recent Advances of Curcumin: A Mini-Review","volume":"20","author":"Slika","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.2174\/092986732102131206115810","article-title":"Curcumin and Curcumin-Like Molecules: From Spice to Drugs","volume":"21","author":"Marchiani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"589","article-title":"Curcuma as an Anti-Inflammatory Component in Treating Osteoarthritis","volume":"43","author":"Jordan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, Y., Sun, Y., Li, Y., Wang, Z., Xue, L., and Wang, F. (2025). Advancing Cancer Therapy: Nanomaterial-Based Encapsulation Strategies for Enhanced Delivery and Efficacy of Curcumin. Mater. Today Bio, 33.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101963"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soleimani Samarkhazan, H., Noormohamadi, H., Shafiei, F.S., Pilehvari, N., Aghaei, A.H., Mohammadi, M.H., and Shanaki, M. (2025). Curcumin and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Golden Hope, Updated Insights. Mol. Biol. Rep., 52.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-025-10692-z"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, L., Zhuo, X., Qi, D., Ma, H., Kong, F., Sun, P., Zhang, Y., Xue, P., and Ma, H. (2025). Curcumin Alleviates Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome in the Rat Model via Inhibiting the Nuclear Factor Kappa B\/Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1\u03b1 Signaling Pathway. Histochem. Cell Biol., 163.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-025-02403-3"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2017.1358139","article-title":"Immune Modulation by Curcumin: The Role of Interleukin-10","volume":"59","author":"Mollazadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70115","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.70115","article-title":"AMPK\/mTOR\/ULK1 Pathway Participates in Autophagy Induction by Curcumin in Colorectal Adenoma Mouse Model","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2025.5727","article-title":"Curcumin Inhibits the Activity of Ubiquitin Ligase Smurf2 to Promote NLRP3 Dependent Pyroptosis in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells","volume":"66","author":"Xi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Z., Zhao, Y., Wang, Y., Li, H., Xu, F., Zhang, W., Fu, H., Yin, L., Amevor, F.K., and Lin, J. (2025). Investigating Protective Effect of Suspension of Paeoniflorin in Combination with Curcumin Against Acute Liver Injury Based on Inhibition of TLR4\/NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136324"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcolin, E., Chemello, C., Piovan, A., Barbierato, M., Morazzoni, P., Ragazzi, E., and Zusso, M. (2025). A Combination of 5-(3\u2032,4\u2032-Dihydroxyphenyl)-\u03b3-Valerolactone and Curcumin Synergistically Reduces Neuroinflammation in Cortical Microglia by Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome and the NOX2\/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17081316"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9603271241308798","DOI":"10.1177\/09603271241308798","article-title":"Mechanism of Action of Curcumin Targeting TRPM2\/NLRP3 Signaling Axis to Mediate Cell Death in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis","volume":"43","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.01.008","article-title":"Aging-Related Inflammation in Osteoarthritis","volume":"23","author":"Greene","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2024.106947","article-title":"Effect of Curcumin on Lipid Mediators, Glycemic Index, and Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Biomarkers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Future Directions and Current Knowledge\u2014A Systematic Review","volume":"177","author":"Saleem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mokgalaboni, K., Mashaba, R.G., Phoswa, W.N., and Lebelo, S.L. (2024). Curcumin Attenuates Hyperglycemia and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Quantitative Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16234177"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sohn, S.I., Priya, A., Balasubramaniam, B., Muthuramalingam, P., Sivasankar, C., Selvaraj, A., Valliammai, A., Jothi, R., and Pandian, S. (2021). Biomedical Applications and Bioavailability of Curcumin\u2014An Updated Overview. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13122102"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tagde, P., Tagde, P., Islam, F., Tagde, S., Shah, M., Hussain, Z.D., Rahman, H., Najda, A., Alanazi, I.S., and Germoush, M.O. (2021). The Multifaceted Role of Curcumin in Advanced Nanocurcumin Form in the Treatment and Management of Chronic Disorders. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26237109"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moballegh Nasery, M., Abadi, B., Poormoghadam, D., Zarrabi, A., Keyhanvar, P., Khanbabaei, H., Ashrafizadeh, M., Mohammadinejad, R., Tavakol, S., and Sethi, G. (2020). Curcumin Delivery Mediated by Bio-Based Nanoparticles: A Review. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25030689"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hafez Ghoran, S., Calcaterra, A., Abbasi, M., Taktaz, F., Nieselt, K., and Babaei, E. (2022). Curcumin-Based Nanoformulations: A Promising Adjuvant Towards Cancer Treatment. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27165236"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16-183","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/16-183","article-title":"Knee Osteoarthritis: A Primer","volume":"21","author":"Lespasio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perm. J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2025.100621","article-title":"From Mechanism to Medicine: The Progress and Potential of Epigenetics in Osteoarthritis","volume":"7","author":"Roberts","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41335","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000041335","article-title":"Recent Advances in Osteoarthritis Research: A Review of Treatment Strategies, Mechanistic Insights, and Acupuncture","volume":"104","author":"Lou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JiaoYi, P., YongQi, S., KeChun, G., XingYu, L., ZeZhong, L., Jin Shuai, D., YouJia, G., Bing, X., and XiaoFeng, W. (2025). Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Different Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis Based on RCT Trials. PLoS ONE, 20.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0320379"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2021.1886573","article-title":"Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"49","author":"Wolff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Sportsmed."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-04197-3","article-title":"Preoperative High-Intensity Strength Training Combined with Balance Training Can Improve Early Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty","volume":"18","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3327-2","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Curcumin Versus Diclofenac in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Open-Label Parallel-Arm Study","volume":"20","author":"Shep","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-009-0063-1","article-title":"Curcumin Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory Mediators and Metalloproteinase-3 Production by Chondrocytes","volume":"58","author":"Priem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5174","article-title":"Curcuminoid Treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"28","author":"Panahi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"della Rocca, G., Schievano, C., Di Salvo, A., Conti, M.B., and della Valle, M.F. (2023). Palmitoyl-Glucosamine Co-Micronized with Curcumin for Maintenance of Meloxicam-Induced Pain Relief in Dogs with Osteoarthritis Pain. BMC Vet. Res., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-023-03594-4"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z.J., Hou, Y.K., Chen, M.W., Yu, X.Z., Chen, S.Y., Yue, Y.R., Guo, X.T., and Chen, J.X. (2023). A pH-Responsive Metal-Organic Framework for the Co-Delivery of HIF-2\u03b1 siRNA and Curcumin for Enhanced Therapy of Osteoarthritis. J. Nanobiotechnol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01758-2"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsueh, H.C., Ho, G.R., Tzeng, S.I., Liang, K.H., and Horng, Y.S. (2025). Effects of Curcumin on Serum Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-025-04951-6"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"526","article-title":"The Immunomodulatory Effects of Curcumin on Forkhead Box O1 and MicroRNA-873 in Patients with Osteoarthritis","volume":"23","author":"Noori","year":"2024","journal-title":"Iran. J. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-024-02789-8","article-title":"Revolutionizing Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment: Innovative Self-Nano-Emulsifying Polyethylene Glycol Organogel of Curcumin for Effective Topical Delivery","volume":"25","author":"Baharizade","year":"2024","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2021-0255","article-title":"Analgesic Effect of Curcumin Topical Formulation in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: A Clinical Trial","volume":"34","author":"Azadbakht","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-022-06105-2","article-title":"The Comparison of Curcuminoid Formulations or Its Combination with Conventional Therapies Versus Conventional Therapies Alone for Knee Osteoarthritis","volume":"41","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2020.0128","article-title":"Curcumagalactomannoside\/Glucosamine Combination Improved Joint Health Among Osteoarthritic Subjects as Compared to Chondroitin Sulfate\/Glucosamine: Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Study","volume":"26","author":"Khanna","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopresti, A.L., Smith, S.J., Jackson-Michel, S., and Fairchild, T. (2021). An Investigation into the Effects of a Curcumin Extract (Curcugen\u00ae) on Osteoarthritis Pain of the Knee: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010041"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.01.011","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of a Supplement Combination on Hand Pain Among People with Symptomatic Hand Osteoarthritis: An Internet-Based, Randomised Clinical Trial\u2014The RADIANT Study","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6907","article-title":"Influence of a Low-Dose Supplementation of Curcumagalactomannoside Complex (CurQfen) in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Open-Labeled, Active-Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"35","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"To, T., Stanojevic, S., Moores, G., Gershon, A.S., Bateman, E.D., Cruz, A.A., and Boulet, L.P. (2012). Global Asthma Prevalence in Adults: Findings from the Cross-Sectional World Health Survey. BMC Public Health, 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-204"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202207-1407ED","article-title":"Lung Health for All: Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease and World Lung Day 2022","volume":"206","author":"Halpin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.5455\/msm.2012.24.100-105","article-title":"Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)\u2013Differences and Similarities","volume":"24","author":"Cukic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mater. Socio-Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-020-00472-8","article-title":"Treatment Strategies for Asthma: Reshaping the Concept of Asthma Management","volume":"16","author":"Papi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.08.009","article-title":"The Role of Leukotrienes in Airway Inflammation","volume":"118","author":"Ogawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2021.1988074","article-title":"State-of-the-Art Beta-Adrenoreceptor Agonists for the Treatment of Asthma","volume":"23","author":"Chiarella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-4-7","article-title":"Lifetime Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and the Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"4","author":"Eisner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200701-004FM","article-title":"Systemic Effects of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: What We Know and What We Don\u2019t Know (But Should)","volume":"4","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1000 Faculty Rev-1533","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.19811.1","article-title":"Pharmacological Treatment and Current Controversies in COPD","volume":"8","author":"Cazzola","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2020.11.003","article-title":"Prospects for COPD Treatment","volume":"56","author":"Matera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00003814","article-title":"Bifunctional Drugs for the Treatment of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"44","author":"Page","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.007","article-title":"Comparative Effects of LAMA-LABA-ICS vs LAMA-LABA for COPD: Cohort Study in Real-World Clinical Practice","volume":"157","author":"Suissa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S89849","article-title":"Roflumilast: A Review of Its Use in the Treatment of COPD","volume":"11","author":"Wedzicha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ng, T.P., Niti, M., Yap, K.B., and Tan, W.C. (2012). Curcumins-Rich Curry Diet and Pulmonary Function in Asian Older Adults. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051753"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2014.08.016","article-title":"Curcumin as a wound healing agent","volume":"116","author":"Akbik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tesse, A., Grossini, E., Tamma, G., Brenner, C., Portincasa, P., Marinelli, R.A., and Calamita, G. (2018). Aquaporins as Targets of Dietary Bioactive Phytocompounds. Front. Mol. Biosci., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2018.00030"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-01066-2","article-title":"Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Curcumin for the Treatment of Allergic Asthma: Effects on Expression Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Aquaporins","volume":"42","author":"Shahid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"HC19","article-title":"Evaluation of Efficacy of Curcumin as an Add-On Therapy in Patients of Bronchial Asthma","volume":"8","author":"Abidi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.06.010","article-title":"Potential Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin, the Anti-Inflammatory Agent, Against Neurodegenerative, Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, Metabolic, Autoimmune and Neoplastic Diseases","volume":"41","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2016.1218018","article-title":"Curcumin Reduces Lung Inflammation via Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Signaling in Mouse Model of Asthma","volume":"54","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Asthma"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1145","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1145","article-title":"Curcumin Effects on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"6","author":"Safari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00373.x","article-title":"Targeting PPAR Receptors in the Airway for the Treatment of Inflammatory Lung Disease","volume":"158","author":"Belvisi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S518592","article-title":"The Crucial Role of the PPAR Signaling Pathway in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Analysis of Gene Expression and Macrophage Polarization","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/03602532.2024.2442012","article-title":"Promising Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Respiratory Disorders: A Review","volume":"57","author":"Beigoli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Rev."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2016.09.427","article-title":"Effect of Curcumin on Nasal Symptoms and Airflow in Patients with Perennial Allergic Rhinitis","volume":"117","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70001","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70001","article-title":"Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Curcuma longa and PPAR\u03b3 Agonist, Pioglitazone on Paraquat-Induced Lung Injury in Rats","volume":"12","author":"Mansourian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327121997986","article-title":"Modulation of Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Human Bronchial Epithelial Damage by Eucalyptol and Curcumin","volume":"40","author":"Reis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-71697-4_16","article-title":"Curcumin and Piperine in COVID-19: A Promising Duo to the Rescue?","volume":"1327","author":"Miryan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-28012-2_22","article-title":"Evaluation of Curcumin-Piperine Supplementation in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"1412","author":"Askari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-018-0836-1","article-title":"Combination Therapy with Curcumin Alone Plus Piperine Ameliorates Ovalbumin-Induced Chronic Asthma in Mice","volume":"41","author":"Chauhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3109\/19390211.2014.952865","article-title":"Effects of Curcuminoids-Piperine Combination on Systemic Oxidative Stress, Clinical Symptoms and Quality of Life in Subjects with Chronic Pulmonary Complications Due to Sulfur Mustard: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"13","author":"Panahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Diet. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.111882","article-title":"Curcuma longa L. Ameliorates Asthma Control in Children and Adolescents: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial","volume":"238","author":"Manarin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8114","article-title":"Nanocurcumin Supplementation Improves Pulmonary Function in Severe COPD Patients: A Randomized, Double Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"38","author":"Rabieepour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/35025203","article-title":"Atherosclerosis","volume":"407","author":"Lusis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-002-2431-2","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Atherosclerosis","volume":"27","author":"Soufi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"325","article-title":"Quest for New Biomarkers in Atherosclerosis","volume":"110","author":"Cho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mo. Med."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, H., Qiu, W., Zhang, Y., and Hua, J. (2025). Extracellular Vesicles in Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease: Emerging Roles and Mechanisms. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1611557"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowara, M., and Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska, A. (2021). Pathophysiology of Atherosclerotic Plaque Development\u2014Contemporary Experience and New Directions in Research. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073513"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003371","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2025-003371","article-title":"Age-Stratified Differences in Coronary Artery Plaque Phenotypes in Women and Men with Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease","volume":"12","author":"Hondros","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.12.032","article-title":"Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Subclinical Markers of Cardiovascular Harm","volume":"85","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"500822","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia (>150 mg\/dL) as a Marker of Cardiovascular Risk","volume":"37","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Investig. Arterioscler."},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"20","article-title":"The role of triglycerides in the origin and progression of atherosclerosis","volume":"33","author":"Padro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Investig Arterioscler."},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"206","article-title":"Remnant Cholesterol, Vascular Risk, and Prevention of Atherosclerosis","volume":"35","author":"Fanlo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Investig. Arterioscler."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-025-02244-5","article-title":"Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Estimates Using the New Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events Equations: Implications for Statin Use","volume":"27","author":"Rayani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr6196","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a)-Lowering Drugs: A Mini Review","volume":"17","author":"Hamasaki","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.122903","article-title":"Role of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme in Pathogenesis Associated with Immunity in Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"352","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-025-00744-3","article-title":"Effects of Curcumin on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Implications for Health and Disease","volume":"77","author":"Shohrati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, L., Sharma, S., Xu, S., Tewari, D., and Fang, J. (2021). Curcumin as a Natural Remedy for Atherosclerosis: A Pharmacological Review. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202105.0735.v1"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1159\/000430126","article-title":"Curcumin Modulates Macrophage Polarization Through the Inhibition of the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression and Its Signaling Pathways","volume":"36","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Q., Zhong, Y., Li, Z., Tang, J., Pi, C., Zheng, W., Shi, P., Zuo, Y., Jiang, J., and Yang, Y. (2025). Anti-Atherosclerosis Effect and Mechanism of a Novel Curcumin Analogue CACN136: Regulating Macrophage M1\/M2 Polarization and Lipid Metabolism. Front. Pharmacol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1632647"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-018-09764-z","article-title":"Curcumin as a Potential Modulator of M1 and M2 Macrophages: New Insights in Atherosclerosis Therapy","volume":"24","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.04.025","article-title":"Curcumin Induces M2 Macrophage Polarization by Secretion of IL-4 and\/or IL-13","volume":"85","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.04.008","article-title":"Curcumin Inhibits oxLDL-Induced CD36 Expression and Foam Cell Formation Through the Inhibition of p38 MAPK Phosphorylation","volume":"58","author":"Min","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.10.051","article-title":"Curcumin Retunes Cholesterol Transport Homeostasis and Inflammation Response in M1 Macrophage to Prevent Atherosclerosis","volume":"467","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Ma, S., Li, F., Ding, H., Zhang, Q., Yu, F., Zhang, H., Hao, Y., Liu, B., and Jiang, Y. (2025). Biomimetic Nanocomplexes Loading with Evolocumab and Curcumin for Synergistic Anti-Atherosclerosis Therapy in ApoE\u00af\/\u00af Mice. J. Nanobiotechnol., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03444-5"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e151428","DOI":"10.5812\/ijpr-151428","article-title":"Dual Modulation of Canonical and Non-Canonical TGF-\u03b2\/ROS\/Erk1\/2 Pathways: Synergistic Activation of Nrf-2 and Antioxidant Enzymes (SOD1, GPx, HO-1) by Quercetin Loaded in Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Curcumin in Atherosclerosis Therapy","volume":"23","author":"Shamsi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Iran J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b04260","article-title":"Curcumin Protects Against Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Mice by Inhibiting Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2013.09.013","article-title":"Reduction of atherogenic risk in patients with type 2 diabetes by curcuminoid extract: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Chuengsamarn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, M., Ding, F., Li, L., Dai, C., Sun, X., Xu, J., Chen, F., Li, M., and Li, X. (2025). Exploring the Role of Curcumin in Mitigating Oxidative Stress to Alleviate Lipid Metabolism Disorders. Front. Pharmacol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1517174"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaikwawong, M., Jansarikit, L., Jirawatnotai, S., and Chuengsamarn, S. (2024). The Effect of Curcumin on Reducing Atherogenic Risks in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152441"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1874","article-title":"Three Months of Combination Therapy with Nano-Curcumin Reduces the Inflammation and Lipoprotein (a) in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Mild to Moderate Coronary Artery Disease: Evidence of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"49","author":"Dastani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S104490","article-title":"Highly Absorptive Curcumin Reduces Serum Atherosclerotic Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels in Patients with Mild COPD","volume":"11","author":"Funamoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.150","article-title":"The Global Burden of IBD: From 2015 to 2025","volume":"12","author":"Kaplan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i15.2150","article-title":"Effect of Smoking on Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Is It Disease or Organ Specific?","volume":"13","author":"Karban","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berkowitz, L., Schultz, B.M., Salazar, G.A., Pardo-Roa, C., Sebasti\u00e1n, V.P., \u00c1lvarez-Lobos, M.M., and Bueno, S.M. (2018). Impact of Cigarette Smoking on the Gastrointestinal Tract Inflammation: Opposing Effects in Crohn\u2019s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Front. Immunol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00074"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-021-01784-1","article-title":"Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Inflammatory Bowel Disease 2020","volume":"56","author":"Nakase","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubin, D.C., Shaker, A., and Levin, M.S. (2012). Chronic Intestinal Inflammation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer. Front. Immunol., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00107"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i3.280","article-title":"Use of Curcumin and Its Nanopreparations in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"30","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.2174\/138161209788489177","article-title":"Curcumin Has Bright Prospects for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"15","author":"Hanai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1039\/c2fo30097d","article-title":"Curcumin, an Active Component of Turmeric in the Prevention and Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: Preclinical and Clinical Observations","volume":"3","author":"Baliga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B0820238","article-title":"Curcumin Induces Apoptosis Through the Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Pathway in HT-29 Cells","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5865","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i40.5865","article-title":"Curcumin Alleviates Experimental Colitis via a Potential Mechanism Involving Memory B Cells and Bcl-6-Syk-BLNK Signaling","volume":"28","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7656","article-title":"Effect of Curcumin on Regulatory B Cells in Chronic Colitis Mice Involving TLR\/MyD88 Signaling Pathway","volume":"37","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113770","article-title":"Effect of Curcumin Regulated Memory Th17 Cells in Mice with DSS-Induced Colitis","volume":"145","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X22500100","article-title":"Curcumin Inhibits T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation in Mice with Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Colitis","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, H.M., Xu, R., Huang, X.Y., Cheng, S.M., Huang, M.F., Yue, H.Y., Wang, X., Zou, Y., Lu, A.P., and Liu, D.Y. (2016). Curcumin Suppressed Activation of Dendritic Cells via JAK\/STAT\/SOCS Signal in Mice with Experimental Colitis. Front. Pharmacol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00455"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-01085-w","article-title":"Curcumin Analog C66 Alleviates Inflammatory Colitis by Inhibiting the Activation of NF-\u03baB","volume":"30","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2018.09.004","article-title":"Curcumin Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and IL-1\u03b2 Production","volume":"104","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burge, K., Gunasekaran, A., Eckert, J., and Chaaban, H. (2019). Curcumin and Intestinal Inflammatory Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms of Protection. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20081912"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4503","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S327378","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Curcumin in the Inflammatory Diseases: Status, Limitations and Countermeasures","volume":"15","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22916","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000022916","article-title":"The Effectiveness and Safety of Curcumin as a Complementary Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Protocol of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"99","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2021.102787","article-title":"Administration of Dietary Antioxidants for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials","volume":"63","author":"Shahinfar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.11.016","article-title":"Curcumin and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: From In Vitro Studies to Clinical Trials","volume":"130","author":"Fallahi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70211","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.70211","article-title":"A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Artesunate and Curcumin in Patients With Crohn\u2019s Disease: A Pilot Study","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"JGH Open"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.019","article-title":"Curcumin in Combination With Mesalamine Induces Remission in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"13","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5826","article-title":"Evaluation of Benefit and Tolerability of IQP-CL-101 (Xanthofen) in the Symptomatic Improvement of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Double-Blinded, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"31","author":"Alt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6581","article-title":"The Effect of Curcumin Supplementation on Clinical Outcomes and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"34","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-025-03608-x","article-title":"Curcumin Plus Piperine Improves Body Composition in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"64","author":"Araujo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa097","article-title":"Highly Bioavailable Curcumin Derivative Ameliorates Crohn\u2019s Disease Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study","volume":"14","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001416","article-title":"Novel Bioenhanced Curcumin With Mesalamine for Induction of Clinical and Endoscopic Remission in Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study","volume":"55","author":"Banerjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.05.023","article-title":"Curcumin-QingDai Combination for Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"22","author":"Salomon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erol Do\u011fan, \u00d6., Karaca \u00c7elik, K.E., Ba\u015f, M., Alan, E.H., and \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n, Y.F. (2024). Effects of Mediterranean Diet, Curcumin, and Resveratrol on Mild-to-Moderate Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16101504"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050312119835043","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312119835043","article-title":"Sepsis: The Evolution in Definition, Pathophysiology, and Management","volume":"7","author":"Gyawali","year":"2019","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2025.104963","article-title":"Advances in Sepsis Research: Insights into Signaling Pathways, Organ Failure, and Emerging Intervention Strategies","volume":"142","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e406","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(24)00096-1","article-title":"Critical Illness Due to Infection in People Living With HIV","volume":"11","author":"Richards","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32989-7","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Sepsis Incidence and Mortality, 1990\u20132017: Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"395","author":"Rudd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_148","first-page":"e32894","article-title":"Septic Shock: Management and Outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Basodan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_149","first-page":"44","article-title":"Early Recognition and Management of Sepsis in Adults: The First Six Hours","volume":"88","author":"Gauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A\u015furo\u011flu, T., and O\u011ful, H. (2021). A deep learning approach for sepsis monitoring via severity score estimation. Comput Methods Programs Biomed., 198.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2020.105816"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201609-1848OC","article-title":"The Timing of Early Antibiotics and Hospital Mortality in Sepsis","volume":"196","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252213","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2252213","article-title":"Impacts of Curcumin Treatment on Experimental Sepsis: A Systematic Review","volume":"2023","author":"Vieira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200302000-00011","article-title":"Differential Regulation of Cytokines and Transcription Factors in Liver by Curcumin Following Hemorrhage\/Resuscitation","volume":"19","author":"Sundar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-020-01265-2","article-title":"Curcumin Promotes the Expression of IL-35 by Regulating Regulatory T Cell Differentiation and Restrains Uncontrolled Inflammation and Lung Injury in Mice","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2012.06.016","article-title":"Curcumin Inhibits Suppressive Capacity of Naturally Occurring CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in Mice In Vitro","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636435","article-title":"Transient Expression of FOXP3 in Human Activated Nonregulatory CD4+ T Cells","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Liu, Z., Wu, W., Lin, S., Zhang, N., Wang, H., Tan, S., Lin, P., Chen, X., and Wu, L. (2018). Effects of FM0807, a Novel Curcumin Derivative, on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Factor Release via the ROS\/JNK\/p53 Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells. Biosci. Rep., 38.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20180849"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12923","DOI":"10.1002\/kjm2.12923","article-title":"Curcumin-Induced Exosomal FTO from Bone Marrow Stem Cells Alleviates Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury by Modulating the m6A Methylation of OXSR1","volume":"41","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_159","first-page":"1805","article-title":"Curcumin Alleviates Septic Lung Injury in Mice by Inhibiting TXNIP\/TRX-1\/GPX4-Mediated Ferroptosis","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.10.011","article-title":"Ceria Nanozyme Coordination With Curcumin for Treatment of Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis and Inflammation","volume":"63","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-023-10147-4","article-title":"J147 Ameliorates Sepsis-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors in Mice by Attenuating Neuroinflammation Through Regulating the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathway","volume":"54","author":"Qiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mol. Histol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117340","article-title":"Curcumin Reduces LPS-Induced Septic Acute Kidney Injury Through Suppression of lncRNA PVT1 in Mice","volume":"254","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700796","article-title":"Targeting Peroxiredoxin 1 by a Curcumin Analogue, AI-44, Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis in Mice","volume":"201","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500316","article-title":"Curcumin Suppresses NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Protects Against LPS-Induced Septic Shock","volume":"59","author":"Gong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2017.1297838","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Curcumin Are Associated With Down Regulating microRNA-155 in LPS-Treated Macrophages and Mice","volume":"55","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.13647","article-title":"Curcumin Protects Against Intestinal Origin Endotoxemia in Rat Liver Cirrhosis by Targeting PCSK9","volume":"82","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.06.036","article-title":"Curcumin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis and Liver Failure by Suppression of Oxidative Stress-Related Inflammation via PI3K\/AKT and NF-\u03baB Related Signaling","volume":"83","author":"Zhong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rana, M., Maurya, P., Reddy, S.S., Singh, V., Ahmad, H., Dwivedi, A.K., Dikshit, M., and Barthwal, M.K. (2016). A Standardized Chemically Modified Curcuma longa Extract Modulates IRAK-MAPK Signaling in Inflammation and Potentiates Cytotoxicity. Front. Pharmacol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00223"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2020.101122","article-title":"Effects of Nanocurcumin on Inflammatory Factors and Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"36","author":"Karimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6596","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO03746C","article-title":"Nano-Curcumin Supplementation in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: A Randomized Clinical Trial Investigating the Inflammatory Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress Indices, Endothelial Function, Clinical Outcomes and Nutritional Status","volume":"13","author":"Karimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-025-08916-5","article-title":"Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin and Piperine Combination in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial","volume":"26","author":"Alikiaii","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424907","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2424907","article-title":"Impaired Postprandial GLP-2 Response Enhances Endotoxemia, Systemic Inflammation, and Kidney Injury in MASH: Effect of Phospholipid Curcumin Meriva","volume":"16","author":"Musso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6467","article-title":"Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin on Sepsis and Mechanisms of Action: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies","volume":"33","author":"Karimi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naeini, F., Tutunchi, H., Razmi, H., Mahmoodpoor, A., Vajdi, M., Azar, P.S., Najifipour, F., Tarighat-Esfanjani, A., and Karimi, A. (2022). Does Nano-Curcumin Supplementation Improve Hematological Indices in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis? A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J. Food Biochem., 46.","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14093"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karimi, A., Pourreza, S., Vajdi, M., Mahmoodpoor, A., Sanaie, S., Karimi, M., and Tarighat-Esfanjani, A. (2022). Evaluating the Effects of Curcumin Nanomicelles on Clinical Outcome and Cellular Immune Responses in Critically Ill Sepsis Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1037861"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, W.Y., Chen, S.C., Hsu, S.Y., Lin, Y.A., Shih, C.M., Huang, C.Y., Wang, K.H., and Lee, A.W. (2022). Annoying Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094898"},{"key":"ref_177","first-page":"172","article-title":"Facing Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis: Are There More Similarities or More Differences?","volume":"18","author":"Hagemann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61128-3","article-title":"Pathogenesis and Clinical Features of Psoriasis","volume":"370","author":"Griffiths","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-025-00630-5","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"11","author":"Armstrong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115021","article-title":"Psoriasis Unveiled: The Cellular Ballet, Molecular Symphony, and Genetic Puzzle","volume":"161","author":"Sharma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.10.023","article-title":"Novel insights into atopic dermatitis","volume":"151","author":"Schuler","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-025-09075-w","article-title":"Atopic Dermatitis Beyond Eczema: A Review on Its Systemic Impact Through Pruritus and Associated Comorbidities","volume":"68","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lo, Y., Cheng, T.T., Huang, C.J., Cheng, Y.C., and Chyuan, I.T. (2025). Advancing Therapeutic Strategies in Atopic Dermatitis: Emerging Targets and Personalized Approaches. Biomolecules, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15060838"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.2174\/0127722708300943240724051518","article-title":"Comprehensive Insights into Psoriasis: Pathophysiology, an Advanced Exploration of Current Landscape and Future Prospects in \u201cTherapeutic Strategies\u201d","volume":"19","author":"Monis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Recent Adv. Inflamm. Allergy Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/ASW.0000000000000243","article-title":"Cutaneous Psoriasis: Clinical Aspects and Treatments","volume":"38","author":"Geng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Skin Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kupschke, E., and Schenk, M. (2025). The Myeloid Switch: Immune Drivers in Atopic Dermatitis\u2014Roles in Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapeutic Targeting. Front. Immunol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1608338"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-020-00507-1","article-title":"Safety and Effectiveness of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Biosimilar Agents in the Treatment of Psoriasis","volume":"21","author":"Reynolds","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fallahi, N., Rafiee, M., Hosseini, S.S., Sereshki, N., Anani Sarab, G., and Erfanian, N. (2025). Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Role in Modulating Autoimmune Responses in Psoriasis: Insights From Recent Microbiota Research. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 78.","DOI":"10.1093\/lambio\/ovaf091"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-025-01813-y","article-title":"Unravelling the Gut-Skin Axis: The Role of Gut Microbiota in Pathogenesis and Management of Psoriasis","volume":"33","author":"Pachauri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Wang, R., Li, M., and Lu, M. (2025). Current Insights and Trends in Atopic Dermatitis and Microbiota Interactions: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Front. Microbiol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1613315"},{"key":"ref_191","first-page":"492","article-title":"Turmeric in Traditional and Modern Medicine: Comparative Analysis","volume":"2","author":"Rahinj","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. R. Tech."},{"key":"ref_192","first-page":"12","article-title":"Therapeutic Applications of Turmeric and Its Principal Constituent Curcumin in Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration From the Perspective of Conventional Medicine and Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM)","volume":"16","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vollono, L., Falconi, M., Gaziano, R., Iacovelli, F., Dika, E., Terracciano, C., Bianchi, L., and Campione, E. (2019). Potential of Curcumin in Skin Disorders. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092169"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasprzak-Drozd, K., Nizi\u0144ski, P., Hawry\u0142, A., Gancarz, M., Hawry\u0142, D., Oliwa, W., Pa\u0142ka, M., Markowska, J., and Oniszczuk, A. (2024). Potential of Curcumin in the Management of Skin Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073617"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liakopoulou, A., Letsiou, S., Avgoustakis, K., Patrinos, G.P., Lamari, F.N., and Hatziantoniou, S. (2025). Curcumin-Loaded Lipid Nanocarriers: A Targeted Approach for Combating Oxidative Stress in Skin Applications. Pharmaceutics, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17020144"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5387","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S520555","article-title":"Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin and Novel Formulations in Psoriasis Treatment: Evidence and Future Prospects","volume":"19","author":"Kantasa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S423922","article-title":"Curcumin Alleviates Epidermal Psoriasis-Like Dermatitis and IL-6\/STAT3 Pathway of Mice","volume":"16","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Wang, J., Liu, L., Sun, X., Zhou, Y., Chen, S., Lu, Y., Lu, Y., Cai, X., and Cai, X. (2022). Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Psoriasis: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. Front. Pharmacol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.903160"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Q., Lian, H., Zhou, R., Gu, Z., Wu, J., Wu, Y., and Li, Z. (2025). Curcumin and Multiple Health Outcomes: Critical Umbrella Review of Intervention Meta-Analyses. Front. Pharmacol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1601204"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.125528","article-title":"Screening and Preparation of Curcumin Nano-Formulations Combined With Dissolving Microneedles on the Application in the Effective Treatment of Psoriasis","volume":"675","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e967","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.967","article-title":"Curcumin Alleviates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Inflammation and Regulates Gut Microbiota of Mice","volume":"11","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serini, S., Trombino, S., Cassano, R., Marino, M., and Calviello, G. (2025). Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Curcumin-Based Nanoparticles Containing \u03b1-Linolenic Acid in a Model of Psoriasis In Vitro. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17040692"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1039\/D4MD00781F","article-title":"Enhanced Skin Penetration of Curcumin by a Nanoemulsion-Embedded Oligopeptide Hydrogel for Psoriasis Topical Therapy","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"RSC Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2174\/0113892002312605240508042634","article-title":"Curcumin Nanogel Preparations: A Promising Alternative for Psoriasis Treatment","volume":"25","author":"Ahmad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4846","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TB00557J","article-title":"Enhanced Transdermal Efficiency of Curcumin-Loaded Peptide-Modified Liposomes for Highly Effective Antipsoriatic Therapy","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumari, A., Raina, N., Wahi, A., Goh, K.W., Sharma, P., Nagpal, R., Jain, A., Ming, L.C., and Gupta, M. (2022). Wound-Healing Effects of Curcumin and Its Nanoformulations: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14112288"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12910","article-title":"Curcumin Nanoparticles Potentiate Therapeutic Effectiveness of Acitrein in Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis Patients and Control Serum Cholesterol Levels","volume":"70","author":"Bilia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9899.1000110","article-title":"Th2 Cytokines and Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"2","author":"Brandt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Cell Immunol."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S467442","article-title":"Advancements in Dermatological Applications of Curcumin: Clinical Efficacy and Mechanistic Insights in the Management of Skin Disorders","volume":"17","author":"Mo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-01126-7","article-title":"Curcumin Ameliorates Ovalbumin-Induced Atopic Dermatitis and Blocks the Progression of Atopic March in Mice","volume":"43","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-021-00555-7","article-title":"Compound Traditional Chinese Medicine Dermatitis Ointment Ameliorates Inflammatory Responses and Dysregulation of Itch-Related Molecules in Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saini, K., Modgill, N., Singh, K.K., and Kakkar, V. (2022). Tetrahydrocurcumin Lipid Nanoparticle Based Gel Promotes Penetration Into Deeper Skin Layers and Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis in 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) Mouse Model. Nanomaterials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12040636"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cassano, R., Serini, S., Curcio, F., Trombino, S., and Calviello, G. (2022). Preparation and Study of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Based on Curcumin, Resveratrol and Capsaicin Containing Linolenic Acid. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14081593"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4995","DOI":"10.1039\/D3BM00182B","article-title":"Double-Layered PLGA\/HA Microneedle Systems as a Long-Acting Formulation of Polyphenols for Effective and Long-Term Management of Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frei, G., Haimhoffer, \u00c1., Csap\u00f3, E., Bodn\u00e1r, K., Vasv\u00e1ri, G., Nemes, D., Lekli, I., Gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6si, A., B\u00e1cskay, I., and Feh\u00e9r, P. (2023). In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of Topical Dosage Forms Containing Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Loaded with Curcumin. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15082054"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511006544","article-title":"Improvement of Sulphur Mustard-Induced Chronic Pruritus, Quality of Life and Antioxidant Status by Curcumin: Results of a Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"108","author":"Panahi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/19\/9366\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:49:33Z","timestamp":1760035773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/19\/9366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"references-count":216,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26199366"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26199366","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]}}}