{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:34:58Z","timestamp":1792164898953,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RC-2024-08053424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC-2024-08053424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neural tissue injuries, including spinal cord damage and neurodegenerative diseases, pose a major clinical challenge due to the central nervous system\u2019s limited regenerative capacity. Current treatments focus on stabilization and symptom management rather than functional restoration. Tissue engineering offers new therapeutic perspectives, particularly through the combination of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Electrospun fibers mimic the neural extracellular matrix, providing topographical and mechanical cues that enhance MSC adhesion, viability, and neural differentiation. MSCs are multipotent stem cells with robust paracrine and immunomodulatory activity, capable of supporting regeneration and, under proper stimuli, acquiring neural-like phenotypes. This systematic review, following the PRISMA 2020 method, analyzes 77 selected articles from the last ten years to assess the potential of electrospun biopolymer scaffolds for MSC-mediated neural repair. We critically examine the scaffold\u2019s composition (synthetic and natural polymers), fiber architecture (alignment and diameter), structural and mechanical properties (porosity and stiffness), and biofunctionalization strategies. The influence of MSC tissue sources (bone marrow, adipose, and dental pulp) on neural differentiation outcomes is also discussed. The results of a literature search show both in vitro and in vivo enhanced neural marker expression, neurite extension, and functional recovery when MSCs are seeded onto optimized electrospun scaffolds. Therefore, integrating stem cell therapy with advanced biomaterials offers a promising route to bridge the gap between neural injury and functional regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T15:38:55Z","timestamp":1759246735000},"page":"9528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Electrospun Bio-Scaffolds for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Neural Differentiation: Systematic Review of Advances and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Luigi","family":"Ruccolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6151-625X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Evangelista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Benazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Integrated Unit of Experimental Surgery, Advanced Microsurgery, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0034-2815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bice","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5396-1601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Pisani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Integrated Unit of Experimental Surgery, Advanced Microsurgery, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzuki, H., Imajo, Y., Funaba, M., Ikeda, H., Nishida, N., and Sakai, T. 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