{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:40:13Z","timestamp":1772160013069,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>PLIN2 is involved in the lipid metabolism of macrophages resident in atherosclerotic plaques, and its upregulation leads to lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation. LDs enlargement results in the macrophage transformation into foam cells, a key step for the onset of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the role of PLIN2 and its regulation mechanisms in atherosclerosis and plaque instability in patients with a diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). We enrolled STEMI (n = 122) and CCS patients (n = 45). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from whole blood samples. The PLIN2 protein level was analyzed in CD14+ monocytes by flow cytometry. Lipidomic panel and proteasome activity were evaluated. PLIN2 protein expression was significantly correlated with the age of CAD patients. We found no significant difference in monocyte lipid content between the two patient groups. The PLIN2 increased in STEMI as compared to CCS patients (p &lt; 0.001). The proteasome activity being higher in STEMI as compared to CCS patients (p &lt; 0.001), significant inverse correlations were evident between PLIN2 levels and proteasome activity in the CCS groups (p = 0.02). PLIN2 expression was higher in STEMI as compared to CCS patients, suggesting an involvement in plaque instability. Despite the proteasome activity being higher in STEMI patients, probably due to the elevated inflammatory burden, PLIN2 could escape proteasome degradation in a more efficient manner in STEMI as compared to CCS patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T15:38:55Z","timestamp":1759246735000},"page":"9550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Regulation of Monocyte Perilipin-2 Expression in Acute and Chronic Coronary Syndromes: Pathogenetic Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6936-4548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Canonico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore Della Carit\u00e0, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renzo","family":"Laborante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0822-7499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Pidone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramona","family":"Vinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3909-182X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy"},{"name":"GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Pisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8382-255X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Bonanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Di Sario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Severino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1397-2426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Lisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4218-3066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Pedicino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Liuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0195-7061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Ruscica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20152 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Crea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Center of Excellence of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ospedale Isola Tiberina\u2014Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5404-3968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Patti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore Della Carit\u00e0, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"D\u2019Amario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore Della Carit\u00e0, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz455","article-title":"2019 ESC\/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk: The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS)","volume":"41","author":"Mach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. 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