{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T14:41:56Z","timestamp":1784644916307,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Oncolys BioPharma, Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K07303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K07303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K17684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K17684"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Noninvasive liquid biopsy for monitoring circulating tumor cells offers valuable insights for predicting therapeutic responses. We developed TelomeScan\u00ae (OBP-401), based on the detection of telomerase activity as a universal cancer cell marker and an indicator of the presence of viable circulating tumor cells (CTCs) for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This system evaluated CTC subtypes characterized by programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint molecule, and vimentin, an epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, using a multi-fluorescent color microscope reader. The prognostic value and therapeutic responses were predicted by dynamically monitoring CTC counts in 79 patients with advanced NSCLC. The sensitivity and specificity values of TelomeScan\u00ae for PD-L1(+) cells (\u22651 cell) were 75% and 100%, respectively, indicating high diagnostic accuracy. PD-L1(+) and EMT(+) in CTCs were detected in 75% and 12% of patients, respectively. Detection of PD-L1(+)CTCs and PD-L1(+)EMT(+) CTCs before treatment was associated with poor prognosis (p &lt; 0.05). Monitoring of reducing and increasing PD-L1(+) CTC counts in two sequential samples (baseline, cycle 2 treatment) correlated significantly with partial response (p = 0.032) and progressive disease (p = 0.023), respectively. Monitoring PD-L1(+)CTCs by TelomeScan\u00ae will aid in anticipating responses or resistance to frontline treatments, optimizing precision medicine choices in patients with NSCLC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T11:06:02Z","timestamp":1759316762000},"page":"9583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dynamics of Telomerase-Based PD-L1 Circulating Tumor Cells as a Longitudinal Biomarker for Treatment Response Prediction in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Issei","family":"Sumiyoshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinsaku","family":"Togo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive Next-Generation Cancer Diagnosis by TelomeScan, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Okabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leading Center for the Development and Research of Cancer Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanae","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncolys BioPharma, Inc., 4-1-28 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, 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Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive Next-Generation Cancer Diagnosis by TelomeScan, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuko","family":"Nojiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Namba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3734-0346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoko","family":"Tabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive Next-Generation Cancer Diagnosis by TelomeScan, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Urata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncolys BioPharma, Inc., 4-1-28 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5749-4118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhisa","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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