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While the majority of studies emphasize the protein product encoded by each gene, a growing body of research has identified non-coding elements as key regulators of muscular dystrophy. In this review, we summarize the common noncoding mechanisms known to regulate multiple forms of muscular dystrophies. We also highlight individual studies exploring local, disease-specific noncoding elements to each disease. Together, this provides a comprehensive overview of the major role of non-coding regulation in muscular dystrophies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T15:05:06Z","timestamp":1759763106000},"page":"9690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Local Non-Coding Regulatory Elements in Muscular Dystrophies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2696-265X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harry","family":"Wilton-Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian Hernandez","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6672-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshifumi","family":"Yokota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.2344\/673191","article-title":"A Review of Muscular Dystrophies","volume":"71","author":"Hoang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anesth. 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