{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:43:48Z","timestamp":1791312228423,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013209","name":"Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5708"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013209","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The reaction of 4\u2032\u2013bromo-fenamic acid, a bromo-derivative of fenamic acid (the scaffold of the fenamate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), with Co(II) in the absence or presence of various nitrogen-donor ligands yielded nine novel, neutral mononuclear Co(II) complexes. These complexes were characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The biological evaluation of the compounds focused on their antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy, as well as their interaction with calf-thymus DNA, pBR322 plasmid DNA (in the absence or presence of diverse irradiations) and serum albumins. The complexes have shown significant antioxidant activity since they can scavenge 2,2\u2032-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals (up to 96.48 \u00b1 0.07%) and reduce H2O2 (up to 96.93 \u00b1 0.53%). Antimicrobial testing revealed that the complexes were more active than free 4\u2032-bromo-fenamic acid with four of them classified as bactericidal agents against selected bacterial strains. The compounds can interact with calf-thymus DNA via intercalation, and the calculated DNA-binding constants are on the 106 M\u22121 order. The plasmid DNA-cleavage ability of the compounds is strongly enhanced under UVA irradiation (photocleavage &gt; 90%). In addition, the compounds can bind tightly and reversibly to serum albumins with binding constants in the 105 M\u22121 range.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T12:04:52Z","timestamp":1759925092000},"page":"9787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cobalt(II) Complexes of 4\u2032-Bromo-Fenamic Acid: Antioxidant Properties, Antibacterial Activity, and Interaction with DNA and Albumins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9462-6148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Malis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6727-2711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina N.","family":"Banti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3670-8305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexia","family":"Tialiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, W\u00e4hringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, W\u00e4hringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6328-1896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Reithofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, W\u00e4hringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6237-126X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonios G.","family":"Hatzidimitriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9556-6266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sotiris K.","family":"Hadjikakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Centre of Ioannina (URCI), GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2186-2617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantina C.","family":"Fylaktakidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5879-7265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Psomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.0306","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use in The Elderly","volume":"9","author":"Wongrakpanich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, A.C.F., Monteiro, L.P.G., Gomes, A.C.C., Martel, F., Santos, T.M., and Ferreira, B.J.M.L. (2022). NSAID-Based Coordination Compounds for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances and Developments. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052855"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202317940","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202317940","article-title":"A Breast Cancer Stem Active Cobalt(III)-Cyclam Complex Containing Flufenamic Acid with Immunogenic Potential","volume":"136","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21842","article-title":"Medicinal Chemistry of Anthranilic Acid Derivatives: A Mini Review","volume":"82","author":"Prasher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00231a008","article-title":"Potential Antitumor Agents. 19. Multiply Substituted 4\u2032-(9-Acridinylamino)Methanesulfonanilides","volume":"19","author":"Cain","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05438-0","article-title":"Chronological Effects of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Therapy on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"40","author":"Nawaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16359","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NJ03216K","article-title":"Antioxidant Activity of NSAIDs-Se Derivatives: Predictive QSAR-Machine Learning Models","volume":"48","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-01829-4","article-title":"The Heat of the Battle: Inflammation\u2019s Role in Prostate Cancer Development and Inflammation-Targeted Therapies","volume":"16","author":"Sharma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-025-03377-6","article-title":"Exploring the Antineoplastic Potential of Novel NSAID Derivatives in Combatting Mammary Tumorigenesis: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"34","author":"Dewangan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolawole, O.R., and Kashfi, K. (2022). NSAIDs and Cancer Resolution: New Paradigms beyond Cyclooxygenase. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031432"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2021.214316","article-title":"Metal Complexes of NSAIDs as Potent Anti-Tumor Chemotherapeutics: Mechanistic Insights into Cytotoxic Activity via Multiple Pathways Primarily by Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 Enzymes","volume":"453","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.31925\/farmacia.2024.1.3","article-title":"Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) as Repurposed Anticancer Drugs in Skin Cancer","volume":"72","author":"Iftode","year":"2024","journal-title":"Farmacia"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.13021","article-title":"Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Sensitize Melanoma Cells to MEK Inhibition and Inhibit Metastasis and Relapse by Inducing Degradation of AXL","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2022.110501","article-title":"Ruthenium and Iridium Complexes Bearing Porphyrin Moieties: PDT Efficacy against Resistant Melanoma Cells","volume":"205","author":"Moura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dyes Pigments"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.117063","article-title":"Impact of the Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance of Free-Base and Zn(II) Tricationic Pyridiniumporphyrins and Irradiation Wavelength in PDT against the Melanoma Cell Lines","volume":"282","author":"Muskovic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikra, C., Mitrakas, A., Ghizzani, V., Katsani, K.R., Koffa, M., Koukourakis, M., Psomas, G., Protti, S., Fagnoni, M., and Fylaktakidou, K.C. (2023). Effect of Arylazo Sulfones on DNA: Binding, Cleavage, Photocleavage, Molecular Docking Studies and Interaction with A375 Melanoma and Non-Cancer Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24031834"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitrakas, A., Stathopoulou, M.E.K., Mikra, C., Konstantinou, C., Rizos, S., Malichetoudi, S., Koumbis, A.E., Koffa, M., and Fylaktakidou, K.C. (2024). Synthesis of 2-Amino-N\u2032-Aroyl(Het)Arylhydrazides, DNA Photocleavage, Molecular Docking and Cytotoxicity Studies against Melanoma CarB Cell Lines. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29030647"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kakoulidou, C., Gritzapis, P.S., Hatzidimitriou, A.G., Fylaktakidou, K.C., and Psomas, G. (2020). Zn(II) Complexes of (E)-4-(2-(Pyridin-2-Ylmethylene)Hydrazinyl)Quinazoline in Combination with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Sodium Diclofenac: Structure, DNA Binding and Photo-Cleavage Studies, Antioxidant Activity and Interaction with Albumin. J. Inorg. Biochem., 211.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2020.111194"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16688","DOI":"10.1039\/D2DT02622H","article-title":"Transition Metal(II) Complexes of Halogenated Derivatives of (E)-4-(2-(Pyridin-2-Ylmethylene)Hydrazinyl)Quinazoline: Structure, Antioxidant Activity, DNA-Binding DNA Photocleavage, Interaction with Albumin and in Silico Studies","volume":"51","author":"Kakoulidou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"91","article-title":"Review on Evaluating the Role of NSAIDs for the Treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"13","author":"Krishnendu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leao, C., Borges, A., and Simoes, M. (2020). NSAIDs as a Drug Repurposing Strategy for Biofilm Control. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9090591"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"70","article-title":"Understanding Dysmenorrhea: A Comprehensive Overview","volume":"12","author":"Desai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Stud."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elgohary, M.K., Elkotamy, M.S., Abdelrahman Alkabbani, M., and Abdel-Aziz, H.A. (2024). Fenamates and Ibuprofen as Foundational Components in the Synthesis of Innovative, Targeted COX-2 Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Undergoing Thorough Biopharmacological Assessments and in-Silico Computational Studies. Bioorg. Chem., 147.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2024.107393"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/med.22079","article-title":"Fenamates: Forgotten Treasure for Cancer Treatment and Prevention: Mechanisms of Action, Structural Modification, and Bright Future","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill, J., and Zawia, N.H. (2021). Fenamates as Potential Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10030702"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-023-01192-2","article-title":"A Story of the Potential Effect of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Beneficial or Detrimental Effects","volume":"31","author":"Alrouji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2017.07.004","article-title":"Complexes of Aminobenzoic Acids: A Comprehensive Review Concerning Synthesis, Physical Chemistry, Structure and Application","volume":"348","author":"Kalembkiewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112193","article-title":"Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Acridine-Based Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Multitarget Agents against Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"192","author":"Tseng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1007\/s13738-024-02990-3","article-title":"Exploring Tricycle Acridines as Prospective Urease Inhibitors: Synthesis via Microwave Assistance, in Vitro Evaluation, Kinetic Profiling, and Molecular Docking Investigations","volume":"21","author":"Manzoor","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Iran. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00706-021-02816-5","article-title":"Selectivity of a Bromoacridine-Containing Fluorophore for Triplex DNA","volume":"152","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Monatsh. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2023.154532","article-title":"Eco-Friendly, Green and New Metal-Free Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Reaction to Synthesis of Acridones Derivatives Using Phenylboronic Acid Derivatives","volume":"123","author":"Askarzadeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14808","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201906112","article-title":"Light-Driven Intramolecular C-N Cross-Coupling via a Long-Lived Photoactive Photoisomer Complex","volume":"131","author":"Jing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hao, X., Deng, J., Zhang, H., Liang, Z., Lei, F., Wang, Y., Yang, X., and Wang, Z. (2022). Design, Synthesis and Bioactivity Evaluation of Novel N-Phenyl-Substituted Evodiamine Derivatives as Potent Anti-Tumor Agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 55.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2021.116595"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Peng, Y., Deng, J., Wang, Y., Li, R., Liu, L., and Wang, Z. (2022). Discovery of Evodiamine Derivatives as Potential Lead Antifungal Agents for the Treatment of Superficial Fungal Infections. Bioorg. Chem., 127.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2022.105981"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10638","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c00848","article-title":"Structure-Activity Relationships and Antileukemia Effects of the Tricyclic Benzoic Acid FTO Inhibitors","volume":"65","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2021.113564","article-title":"Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N-Anthraniloyl Tryptamine Derivatives as Pleiotropic Molecules for the Therapy of Malignant Glioma","volume":"222","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1097911","article-title":"Antifungal Activity of Some N Substituted Anthranilic Acid Derivatives","volume":"25","author":"Ramanujam","year":"1974","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Englert, H.C., Hropot, M., Lang, H., and Greger, R. (1990). Use of Amino-Substituted Benzoic Acids as Remedies for Diarrhea, and Medicaments Based on These Compounds. (No. 4921875), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3048","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.201501480","article-title":"Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in Metal Complexes and Their Effect at the Cellular Level","volume":"2016","author":"Banti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2020.213259","article-title":"Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Coordination Compounds of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Structural Features and Antioxidant Activity","volume":"412","author":"Psomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petronijevic, J., Joksimovic, N., Milovic, E., Crnogorac, M.D., Petrovic, N., Stanojkovic, T., Milivojevic, D., and Jankovic, N. (2021). Antitumor Activity, DNA and BSA Interactions of Novel Copper(II) Complexes with 3,4-Dihydro-2(1H)-Quinoxalinones. Chem. Biol. Interact., 348.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109647"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-024-02069-7","article-title":"Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Cobalt(II) Complexes with \u03b2-Diketonates: Crystal Structure Determination, BSA Binding Properties and Molecular Docking Study","volume":"29","author":"Joksimovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"JBIC J. Biol. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2019.03.013","article-title":"The Essential Metals for Humans: A Brief Overview","volume":"195","author":"Zoroddu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Genchi, G., Lauria, G., Catalano, A., Carocci, A., and Sinicropi, M.S. (2023). Prevalence of Cobalt in the Environment and Its Role in Biological Processes. Biology, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12101335"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-022-04638-3","article-title":"Exploring the Potential Function of Trace Elements in Human Health: A Therapeutic Perspective","volume":"478","author":"Islam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2012.11.019","article-title":"Cobalt Derivatives as Promising Therapeutic Agents","volume":"17","author":"Heffern","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2011.10.014","article-title":"Biological Evaluation of Cobalt(II) Complexes with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Naproxen","volume":"107","author":"Dimiza","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4517","DOI":"10.1039\/b927472c","article-title":"Biological Evaluation of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs-Cobalt(II) Complexes","volume":"39","author":"Dimiza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15215","DOI":"10.1039\/D4DT01846J","article-title":"Coordination Compounds of Cobalt(II) with Carboxylate Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Structure and Biological Profile","volume":"53","author":"Perontsis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perontsis, S., Dimitriou, A., Fotiadou, P., Hatzidimitriou, A.G., Papadopoulos, A.N., and Psomas, G. (2019). Cobalt(II) Complexes with the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Diclofenac and Nitrogen-Donor Ligands. J. Inorg. Biochem., 196.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2019.04.002"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perontsis, S., Geromichalou, E., Perdih, F., Hatzidimitriou, A.G., Geromichalos, G.D., Turel, I., and Psomas, G. (2020). Synthesis, Structural Determination, in Vitro and in Silico Biological Evaluation of Divalent or Trivalent Cobalt Complexes with Indomethacin. J. Inorg. Biochem., 212.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2020.111213"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2011.12.004","article-title":"Cobalt(II) Complexes with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Tolfenamic Acid: Structure and Biological Evaluation","volume":"48","author":"Tsiliou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2015.12.015","article-title":"Cobalt(II) Complexes with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and \u03b1-Diimines","volume":"160","author":"Tsiliou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malis, G., Roussa, A., Papantopoulou, E.A., Kalogiannis, S., Hatzidimitriou, A.G., Fylaktakidou, K.C., and Psomas, G. (2025). Cobalt(II) Complexes of 4\u2032-Nitro-Fenamic Acid: Characterization and Biological Evaluation. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30122621"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kakoulidou, C., Kosmas, V.R., Hatzidimitriou, A.G., Fylaktakidou, K.C., and Psomas, G. (2021). Structure and Biological Profile of Transition Metal Complexes with (E)-4-(2-(Pyridin-2-Ylmethylene)Hydrazinyl)Quinazoline. J. Inorg. Biochem., 219.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2021.111448"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15107","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c19627","article-title":"Application of the Heavy-Atom Effect for (Sub)Microsecond Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and an All-Organic Light-Emitting Device with Low-Efficiency Roll-Off","volume":"16","author":"Monka","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haider, M.R., Ahmad, K., Siddiqui, N., Ali, Z., Akhtar, M.J., Fuloria, N., Fuloria, S., Ravichandran, M., and Yar, M.S. (2019). Novel 9-(2-(1-Arylethylidene)Hydrazinyl)Acridine Derivatives: Target Topoisomerase 1 and Growth Inhibition of HeLa Cancer Cells. Bioorg. Chem., 88.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.102962"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3184\/030823405774308998","article-title":"Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of N-Phenylanthranilic Acids in Water","volume":"2005","author":"Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-8545(00)80009-0","article-title":"The Use of Conductivity Measurements in Organic Solvents for the Characterisation of Coordination Compounds","volume":"7","author":"Geary","year":"1971","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakamoto, K. (2008). Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, Part B: Applications in Coordination, Organometallic, and Bioinorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470405888"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jorganchem.2003.11.040","article-title":"Preparation and Structural Studies on Dibutyltin(IV) Complexes with Pyridine Mono- and Dicarboxylic Acids","volume":"689","author":"Szorcsik","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Organomet. Chem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernhardt, P.V., and Lawrance, G.A. (2003). Cobalt. Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-08-043748-6\/05083-0"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2017.08.022","article-title":"Interaction of Zinc(II) with the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Niflumic Acid","volume":"176","author":"Tarushi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.poly.2013.01.049","article-title":"Structure, DNA- and Albumin-Binding of the Manganese(II) Complex with the Non-Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Niflumic Acid","volume":"53","author":"Tsiliki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Polyhedron"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2016.1222583","article-title":"Study of the Antioxidant Activity of Thymus sibthorpii Bentham (Lamiaceae)","volume":"31","author":"Kontogiorgis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2019.104972","article-title":"Nitric Oxide, DPPH and Hydrogen Peroxide Radical Scavenging Activity of TEMPO Terminated Polyurethane Dendrimers: Data Supporting Antioxidant Activity of Radical Dendrimers","volume":"28","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.04.106","article-title":"Antioxidant Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Enriched by Myrtle Phenolic Extracts on Iron-Mediated Lipid Peroxidation under Intestinal Conditions Model","volume":"237","author":"Dairi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/1475636031000069291","article-title":"Biological Evaluation of Several Coumarin Derivatives Designed as Possible Anti-Inflammatory\/Antioxidant Agents","volume":"18","author":"Kontogiorgis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8555","DOI":"10.1039\/c1dt10714c","article-title":"Non-Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drug-Copper(II) Complexes: Structure and Biological Perspectives","volume":"40","author":"Dimiza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00315-3","article-title":"Antioxidant Activity Applying an Improved ABTS Radical Cation Decolorization Assay","volume":"26","author":"Re","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/10.6.1003","article-title":"Prevention of Cytotoxicity and Inhibition of Intercellular Communication by Antioxidant Catechins Isolated from Chinese Green Tea","volume":"10","author":"Ruch","year":"1989","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(99)00269-1","article-title":"Scavenging of Reactive-Oxygen Species and DPPH Free Radicals by Extracts of Borage and Evening Primrose Meals","volume":"70","author":"Wettasinghe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2022.134172","article-title":"Co(II) Fenamato, Tolfenamato and Niflumato Complexes with Neocuproine: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Spectral Characterization and Biological Activity","volume":"1272","author":"Smolkova","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13712","DOI":"10.1039\/D1DT02158C","article-title":"Hydrogels Containing Water Soluble Conjugates of Silver(I) Ions with Amino Acids, Metabolites or Natural Products for Non Infectious Contact Lenses","volume":"50","author":"Banti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-018-1561-9","article-title":"Silver Ciprofloxacin (CIPAG): A Successful Combination of Chemically Modified Antibiotic in Inorganic-Organic Hybrid","volume":"23","author":"Milionis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biol. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11522","DOI":"10.1039\/D0DT01665A","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin Conjugated to Diphenyltin(IV): A Novel Formulation with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity","volume":"49","author":"Chrysouli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"Block, S.S. (2001). Part III: Sterilants, Disinfectants, and Antiseptics\u2014Nitrogen Compounds. Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"Block, S.S. (2001). Principles of Antimicrobial Activity and Resistance. Disinfection, Sterilization and Preservation, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2018.01.004","article-title":"Silver Complex of Salicylic Acid and Its Hydrogel-Cream in Wound Healing Chemotherapy","volume":"181","author":"Stathopoulou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.23.2.256","article-title":"Tentative Interpretive Standards for Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing with Norfloxacin (MK-0366, AM-715)","volume":"23","author":"Shungu","year":"1983","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4565","DOI":"10.1039\/b710949k","article-title":"Metallo-Intercalators and Metallo-Insertors","volume":"44","author":"Zeglis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1039\/C4DT02700K","article-title":"Metal Complex Interactions with DNA","volume":"44","author":"Pages","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00190a046","article-title":"Mixed-Ligand Complexes of Ruthenium(II): Factors Governing Binding to DNA","volume":"111","author":"Pyle","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6392","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00394a013","article-title":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Physically Intercalate into Duplex Regions of Denatured DNA","volume":"26","author":"Wolfe","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2007.10.005","article-title":"Synthesis, Structure and Interactions with DNA of Novel Tetranuclear, [Mn4(II\/II\/II\/IV)] Mixed Valence Complexes","volume":"102","author":"Dimitrakopoulou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smolko, L., Smolkova, R., Samolova, E., Morgan, I., Saoud, M., and Kaluderovic, G.N. (2020). Two Isostructural Co(II) Flufenamato and Niflumato Complexes with Bathocuproine: Analogues with a Different Cytotoxic Activity. J. Inorg. Biochem., 210.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2020.111160"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1515\/zkri-2016-1991","article-title":"Three Variants of Novel Co(II) Complex with NSAID Mefenamic Acid and N,N\u2032-Donor Ligand Neocuproine","volume":"231","author":"Smolkova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Z. Kristallogr. Cryst. Mater."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1080\/00958972.2017.1366996","article-title":"Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Spectroscopy, Thermal Properties and Carbonic Anhydrase Activities of New Metal(II) Complexes with Mefenamic Acid and Picoline Derivatives","volume":"70","author":"Dilek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Coord. Chem."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2009.03.017","article-title":"Unusual DNA Binding Modes for Metal Anticancer Complexes","volume":"91","author":"Pizarro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lakowicz, J.R. (2006). Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-46312-4"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-4622(93)E0101-A","article-title":"Fluorescence Lifetime Analysis of DNA Intercalated Ethidium Bromide and Quenching by Free Dye","volume":"50","author":"Heller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biophys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2024.101268","article-title":"DNA Melting Analysis","volume":"97","author":"Wittwer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2015.03.024","article-title":"Studying Non-Covalent Drug-DNA Interactions","volume":"576","author":"Rehman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, B.M., Vict\u00f3ria, H.F.V., Leite, G., Krambrock, K., Chaves, O.A., de Oliveira, D.F., Garcia, R.d.Q., de Boni, L., Costa, L.A.S., and Iglesias, B.A. (2023). Photophysical, Photobiological, and Biomolecule-Binding Properties of New Tri-Cationic Meso-Tri(2-Thienyl)Corroles with Pt(II) and Pd(II) Polypyridyl Derivatives. J. Inorg. Biochem., 242.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2023.112149"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14220","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA09218D","article-title":"Spectro-Electrochemical Assessments of DNA\/BSA Interactions, Cytotoxicity, Radical Scavenging and Pharmacological Implications of Biosensitive and Biologically Active Morpholine-Based Metal(II) Complexes: A Combined Experimental and Computational Investigation","volume":"9","author":"Sakthikumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2008.0740","article-title":"In Vitro Study of DNA Interaction with Clodinafop-Propargyl Herbicide","volume":"27","author":"Kashanian","year":"2008","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1039\/c5pp00439j","article-title":"Evaluation of O-Alkyl and Aryl Sulfonyl Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Amidoximes as Novel Potent DNA Photo-Cleavers","volume":"15","author":"Papastergiou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2012.12.009","article-title":"First- and Second-Generation Quinolone Antibacterial Drugs Interacting with Zinc(II): Structure and Biological Perspectives","volume":"121","author":"Tarushi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1039\/C2NJ40798A","article-title":"Zinc(II) Complexes with the Quinolone Antibacterial Drug Flumequine: Structure, DNA- and Albumin-Binding","volume":"37","author":"Tarushi","year":"2013","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merlot, A.M., Kalinowski, D.S., and Richardson, D.R. (2014). Unraveling the Mysteries of Serum Albumin\u2014More than Just a Serum Protein. Front. Physiol., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00299"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, H., Jeon, S.I., Ahn, C.H., Shim, M.K., and Kim, K. (2022). Emerging Albumin-Binding Anticancer Drugs for Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery: Current Understandings and Clinical Translation. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14040728"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stella, L., Capodilupo, A.L., and Bietti, M. (2008). A Reassessment of the Association between Azulene and [60] Fullerene. Possible Pitfalls in the Determination of Binding Constants through Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Chem. Commun., 4744\u20134746.","DOI":"10.1039\/b808357f"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2006.06.013","article-title":"Interaction of the Flavonoid Hesperidin with Bovine Serum Albumin: A Fluorescence Quenching Study","volume":"126","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-006-6288-z","article-title":"Genetically Engineered Avidins and Streptavidins","volume":"63","author":"Laitinen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)10855-9","article-title":"Further Characterization of Specific Drug Binding Sites on Human Serum Albumin","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"1976","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazou, M., Tarushi, A., Gritzapis, P., and Psomas, G. (2020). Transition Metal Complexes with a Novel Guanine-Based (E)-2-(2-(Pyridin-2-Ylmethylene)Hydrazinyl)Quinazolin-4(3H)-One: Synthesis, Characterization, Interaction with DNA and Albumins and Antioxidant Activity. J. Inorg. Biochem., 206.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2020.111019"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01640a067","article-title":"A Further Examination of the Molecular Weight and Size of Desoxypentose Nucleic Acid","volume":"76","author":"Reichmann","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_108","unstructured":"Bruker Analytical X-ray Systems Inc. (2006). Apex2 Version 2 User Manual M86-E01078, Bruker Analytical X-ray Systems."},{"key":"ref_109","unstructured":"Sheldrick, G.M. (1996). SADABS: Area-Detector Absorption Correction, University of Gottingen."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889807029238","article-title":"SUPERFLIP\u2014A Computer Program for the Solution of Crystal Structures by Charge Flipping in Arbitrary Dimensions","volume":"40","author":"Palatinus","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Crystallogr."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889803021800","article-title":"CRYSTALS Version 12: Software for Guided Crystal Structure Analysis","volume":"36","author":"Betteridge","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Crystallogr."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1107\/S0365110X65004802","article-title":"The Absorption Correction in Crystal Structure Analysis","volume":"19","author":"Tompa","year":"1965","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/19\/9787\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:50:28Z","timestamp":1760035828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/19\/9787"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26199787"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26199787","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]}}}