{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T05:11:32Z","timestamp":1760073092791,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad de Guadalajara","award":["265185","274700","270456","276818","277752","283628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["265185","274700","270456","276818","277752","283628"]}]},{"name":"PROSNI 2023 y 2024","award":["265185","274700","270456","276818","277752","283628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["265185","274700","270456","276818","277752","283628"]}]},{"name":"Fortalecimiento 2024 and 2025","award":["265185","274700","270456","276818","277752","283628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["265185","274700","270456","276818","277752","283628"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major global health problem for which there are few effective treatments. Phytochemicals from natural sources, such as those found in cacti, exhibit chemoprotective and hepatoprotective properties. In this study, the effect of the polar fraction of Lophocereus schottii (LsPF) was investigated in a Wistar rat model of HCC induced by weekly administration of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 50 mg\/kg, i.p.) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF, 25 mg\/kg, i.g.) for 13 weeks. LsPF (50 mg\/kg, i.g., three times per week) was administered either concurrently with HCC induction beginning in the first week or after seven weeks of HCC induction. LsPF did not lead to a significant improvement in macroscopic, biochemical or histologic results. However, when LsPF was administered after 7 weeks of HCC induction, it modulated the expression of genes related to liver carcinogenesis, including SOD, CAT, CYP2E1, TGFB1, AFP, and COL1A. In addition, co-administration of LsPF along with the damage treatment decreased the number of mitotic hepatocytes. These results suggest that LsPF can modulate gene expression and hepatocyte proliferation in HCC, with efficacy depending on the timing of administration, disease stage, and administration method. Further studies are needed to optimize its therapeutic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T12:04:52Z","timestamp":1759925092000},"page":"9788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of the Polar Fraction of Lophocereus schottii on Gene Expression and Hepatocyte Proliferation in a Wistar Rat Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7317-1490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Campos-Valdez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Cr\u00f3nico Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jal., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4333-2294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Meza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Cr\u00f3nico Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jal., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Orozco-Barocio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunobiolog\u00eda, Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan 44600, Jal., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Cr\u00f3nico Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jal., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6779-1017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Marisol","family":"God\u00ednez-Rub\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Patolog\u00eda Diagn\u00f3stica e Inmunohistoqu\u00edmica, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Patolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jal., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarai C.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nutrigen\u00e9tica y Nutrigen\u00f3mica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jal., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nutrigen\u00e9tica y Nutrigen\u00f3mica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jal., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam R.","family":"Bueno-Topete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Cr\u00f3nico Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jal., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9207-8910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel A.","family":"Castro-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Cr\u00f3nico Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jal., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1257-4637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo M.","family":"Z\u00fa\u00f1iga-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Mutag\u00e9nesis, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jal., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7443-2514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Ortu\u00f1o-Sahag\u00fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jal., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6418-349X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura V.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Cr\u00f3nico Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jal., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ferlay, J., Ervik, M., Lam, F., Laversanne, M., Colombet, M., Mery, L., Pi\u00f1eros, M., Znaor, A., Soerjomataram, I., and Bray, F. 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