{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T15:32:23Z","timestamp":1780414343418,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European blood alliance","award":["2022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryopreservation is a well-established method for extending platelet shelf-life and addressing supply shortages. Traditionally, this involves dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a cryoprotective agent (CPA), but recent studies suggest that using controlled rate freezing (CRF) with only NaCl may offer a less toxic alternative. To explore further optimization, this study assessed whether adding 10% choline chloride\u2013glycerol, a deep eutectic solvent (DES), could enhance platelet quality in CRF\/NaCl cryopreservation. Ten double-dose buffy coat platelet units were divided into test (DES-treated) and control (NaCl-only) groups. After DES exposure (10% for 20 min), all units were prepared using the NaCl protocol and frozen at \u221280 \u00b0C with CRF equipment, then stored for over 90 days. Upon thawing and reconstitution in AB plasma, no significant differences were observed in platelet content post-thaw between control and test units (255 \u00b1 43 vs. 257 \u00b1 41 \u00d7 109\/unit), post-thaw recovery (&gt;85%): respectively, \u0394\u03c8 (JC-1% pos 63 \u00b1 15 vs. 68 \u00b1 17), LDH (% of total 10 \u00b1 6 vs. 9 \u00b1 6), (CD63% 77 \u00b1 9 vs. 82 \u00b1 7), (CD62P % 72 \u00b1 15 vs. 76 \u00b1 11), (CD42b % 78 \u00b1 9 vs. 80 \u00b1 9), (CD61% 79 \u00b1 9 vs. 78 \u00b1 9), (CD41% 81 \u00b1 11 vs. 83 \u00b1 7), (PAC-1% 33 \u00b1 10 vs. 32 \u00b1 8), (Pecam-1% 78 \u00b1 11 vs. 80 \u00b1 8), (GPIV % 72 \u00b1 10 vs. 74 \u00b1 11), (LAMP-1% 26 \u00b1 14 vs. 11 \u00b1 9), (MPCD61+ % 41 \u00b1 11 vs. 46 \u00b1 10), (ROTEM CT 56 \u00b1 7 vs. 55 \u00b1 6), (ROTEM CFT 110 \u00b1 70 vs. 106 \u00b1 67) and (ROTEM MCF 35 \u00b1 6 vs. 36 \u00b1 6). These findings support the feasibility of CPA-free CRF-based platelet cryopreservation while maintaining functional integrity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262010013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T07:17:52Z","timestamp":1760512672000},"page":"10013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Innovations in Platelet Cryopreservation: Evaluation of DMSO-Free Controlled-Rate Freezing and the Role of a Deep Eutectic Solvent as an Additional Cryoprotective Agent"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Rahel","family":"Befekadu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine (KITM), Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Bosnjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine (KITM), Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2177-6727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Uhlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agneta","family":"Wikman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine (KITM), Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden"},{"name":"Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Sandgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine (KITM), Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden"},{"name":"Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2005.00647.x","article-title":"Freezing human platelets with 6 percent dimethyl sulfoxide with removal of the supernatant solution before freezing and storage at \u221280 \u00b0C without postthaw processing","volume":"45","author":"Valeri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12915","article-title":"In vitro comparison of cryopreserved and liquid platelets: Potential clinical implications","volume":"55","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17166","article-title":"Frozen for combat: Quality of deep-frozen thrombocytes, produced and used by The Netherlands Armed Forces 2001\u20132021","volume":"63","author":"Noorman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.34.1.71","article-title":"Cryopreservation of platelets: An in-vitro comparison of four methods","volume":"34","author":"Taylor","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. 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