{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T04:41:24Z","timestamp":1760762484169,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Bialystok","award":["RAB.610.3.2021","SUB\/1\/DN\/22\/001\/1103","B.SUB.23.302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RAB.610.3.2021","SUB\/1\/DN\/22\/001\/1103","B.SUB.23.302"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) has emerged as a promising biomarker reflecting endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Its prognostic role in cardiovascular complications, particularly in the context of COVID-19 infection, remains under investigation. This study aimed to evaluate MR-proADM concentrations in patients with and without cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 and to assess its association with cardiac complications and biomarkers of myocardial injury. A total of 157 patients (mean age: 72.3 years; 66 men) hospitalized in a tertiary referral center were enrolled. The study population consisted of three groups: patients with cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 (n = 64), patients with cardiovascular disease but no COVID-19 (n = 74), and a control group without cardiovascular disease or COVID-19 (n = 17). Plasma MR-proADM levels were measured, and their relationship with cardiovascular complications (chronic heart failure and myocardial infarction) and standard cardiac biomarkers (troponin T, troponin I, and proBNP) was analyzed. The mean MR-proADM concentration in the overall cohort was 91.48 \u00b1 71.96 pmol\/L (median: 77.95; range: 5.81\u2013429.20). Distributions of MR-proADM, troponin T (M = 143.12 \u00b1 733.93 ng\/L), troponin I (M = 143.37 \u00b1 749.85 ng\/L), and proBNP (M = 2080.29 \u00b1 3632.03 pg\/mL) deviated significantly from normality (Shapiro\u2013Wilk, all p &lt; 0.001). No significant differences in MR-proADM concentrations were observed between patients with COVID-19 vs. without (93.78 \u00b1 56.94 vs. 92.08 \u00b1 82.82 pmol\/L, p = 0.842) and between active infection vs. past COVID-19 (93.78 \u00b1 56.94 vs. 85.98 \u00b1 50.39 pmol\/L, p = 0.869). A trend toward higher MR-proADM concentrations was observed in patients with cardiovascular disease compared to those without, with mean levels of 93.56 \u00b1 74.90 vs. 74.33 \u00b1 37.43 pmol\/L, respectively. The frequency of chronic heart failure (55.0% vs. 54.5%, p = 1.000) and myocardial infarction (11.3% vs. 20.8%, p = 0.128) did not differ between patients with low vs. high MR-proADM (cut-off: median). Logistic regression confirmed that MR-proADM did not significantly predict either chronic heart failure (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.002, p = 0.660) or myocardial infarction (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.006, p = 0.465). Correlation analysis showed no significant associations between MR-proADM and proBNP (\u03c1 = 0.09, p = 0.323), troponin T (\u03c1 = 0.22, p = 0.065), or troponin I (\u03c1 = 0.16, p = 0.088). MR-proADM levels did not differ significantly between patients stratified by COVID-19 infection or cardiovascular disease and were not predictive of heart failure or myocardial infarction. Moreover, no correlations were found with standard cardiac biomarkers. These results suggest that, in this cohort, MR-proADM did not provide additional prognostic information for cardiovascular complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262010081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T12:17:02Z","timestamp":1760617022000},"page":"10081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19: Is There a Place for Mid-Regional Pro-Adrenomedullin? Preliminary Data from a Clinical Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Paulina","family":"Pietraszko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"\u017b\u00f3rawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Cardiology, Lipidology and Internal Medicine with Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9753-6252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Bielecka-Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Gryciuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9159-3697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacper","family":"Mil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Zbroch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0121-3254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edyta","family":"Zbroch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2023). 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