{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T00:10:34Z","timestamp":1760832634480,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 113-2314-B-192-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2314-B-192-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma are key manifestations of the atopic march, characterized by a progressive development of allergic diseases from early skin inflammation to later respiratory involvement. Emerging evidence highlights the role of gut microbiota in modulating immune responses. However, the therapeutic potential of specific probiotic strains in preventing or mitigating the atopic march remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory and therapeutic effects of selected probiotic strains in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AD and asthma. Mice received oral administration of B. plebeiu, B. ovatus, F. duncaniae, F. taiwanense, and F. prausnitzii for four weeks before being exposed to OVA to induce AD and, later, asthma. Skin reactions were assessed after OVA application, and asthma was induced via aerosolized OVA. Afterward, blood and lung fluid samples were collected to evaluate immune markers such as total IgE, OVA-specific IgE, and IL-4. The results showed that B. plebeius improved skin histology in AD, while B. ovatus initially induced AD symptoms but later reduced them significantly between days 40 and 54. B. plebeius and B. ovatus reduced serum total IgE in asthma. B. plebeiu, B. ovatus, F. duncaniae, F. taiwanense, and F. prausnitzii significantly lowered OVA-IgE levels in serum and IL-4 levels in lung fluid (p &lt; 0.05). These selected probiotic strains helped reduce allergic skin responses and, later, asthma by decreasing inflammation, particularly IL-4. These findings support the potential of these probiotics to prevent or mitigate the progression from AD to asthma and offer promising insight into targeted probiotic interventions for allergic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262010097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T16:33:22Z","timestamp":1760632402000},"page":"10097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Therapeutic Potential of Selected Probiotic Strains in a Murine Model of Ovalbumin-Induced Atopic Dermatitis and Asthma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Fang-Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Technology Research Center, Agriculture Technology Research Institute, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Technology Research Center, Agriculture Technology Research Institute, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong-Shian","family":"Liou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 30062, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2268-1161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Hsun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 30062, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei-Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0091-258X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I-Jen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11267, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 300093, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2003.09.017","article-title":"Allergy and hypersensitivity. Nature versus nurture in allergy and hypersensitivity","volume":"15","author":"Geha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.3.1763","article-title":"Selective killing of vaccinia virus by LL-37: Implications for eczema vaccinatum","volume":"172","author":"Howell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.03.047","article-title":"Cytokines and chemokines orchestrate atopic skin inflammation","volume":"118","author":"Homey","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21060","article-title":"New insights into atopic dermatitis","volume":"113","author":"Leung","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/9.3.461","article-title":"Development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesion with IgE hyperproduction in NC\/Nga mice","volume":"9","author":"Matsuda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.09.032","article-title":"Immune mechanisms leading to atopic dermatitis","volume":"112","author":"Novak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI5669","article-title":"Roles of TH1 and TH2 cytokines in a murine model of allergic dermatitis","volume":"103","author":"Spergel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15530","article-title":"Diversity Analysis of Gut Microbiota between Healthy Controls and Those with Atopic Dermatitis in a Chinese Population","volume":"48","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J.H., and Im, D.S. (2024). Magnolol reduces atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in BALB\/c mice. Life, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/life14030339"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2012.01539.x","article-title":"A novel mouse model of atopic dermatitis with epicutaneous allergen sensitization and the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.08.021","article-title":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii subspecies-level dysbiosis in the human gut microbiome underlying atopic dermatitis","volume":"137","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn, R., Rios-Covian, D., Huillet, E., Auger, S., Khazaal, S., Berm\u00fadez-Humar\u00e1n, L.G., Sokol, H., Chatel, J.-M., and Langella, P. (2023). Faecalibacterium: A bacterial genus with promising human health benefits. Front. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuad039"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4176","article-title":"Neonatal gut microbiota associates with childhood multisensitized atopy and T cell differentiation","volume":"22","author":"Fujimura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08937","article-title":"Transfer of carbohydrate-active enzymes from marine bacteria to Japanese gut microbiota","volume":"464","author":"Hehemann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307649","article-title":"Identification of an anti-inflammatory protein from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a commensal bacterium deficient in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"65","author":"Maubert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Huang, S.-C. (2014). Establishing an Atopic Dermatitis Mouse Model and Exploring the Immune Regulatory Mechanisms of Probiotics in this Disease Model. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Cheng University]."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/20\/10097\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T04:15:50Z","timestamp":1760760950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/20\/10097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms262010097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms262010097","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1422-0067"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]}}}