{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:26:54Z","timestamp":1792114014173,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Wroclaw Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The skin microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining skin homeostasis, immune regulation, and barrier integrity. Dysbiosis, characterized by altered diversity and function of the microflora, contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, hidradenitis suppurativa, rosacea, and photoaging. This narrative review, based on searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, summarizes current evidence on the role of topical probiotics in the prevention and management of inflammatory dermatoses, drawing mainly on studies from the past decade and, where relevant, earlier works published between 1975 and 2025. Evidence indicates that topical probiotics modulate local immune responses, enhance antimicrobial peptide synthesis, inhibit pathogenic microorganism colonization, and support skin barrier regeneration. Additional benefits include accelerated wound healing and reduced environmental damage. However, study results are heterogeneous, and designs vary, with limited data on long-term effects, particularly in paediatric and immunosuppressed populations. Topical probiotics are a promising therapeutic approach for chronic inflammatory dermatoses linked to microbiota dysbiosis. They can restore microbial balance, support barrier function, suppress pathogenic microorganisms, and promote skin regeneration. Despite consistent reports of clinical improvement and improved cutaneous defence mechanisms, small sample sizes, methodological heterogeneity, and the absence of standardized dosing regimens limit current evidence. Long-term safety data are limited, especially for vulnerable patient groups. Rigorous randomized controlled trials with standardized protocols and larger, diverse populations are needed to confirm efficacy, ensure safety, and guide clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262010195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T13:54:41Z","timestamp":1760968481000},"page":"10195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Topical Probiotics as a Novel Approach in the Treatment of Chronic Dermatoses Associated with Skin Dysbiosis: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1717-4280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danuta","family":"Nowicka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Centre of General Dermatology and Oncodermatology, Department of Aesthetic Dermatology and Skin Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9100-9321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Kucharczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrze\u017ce L. Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1297-5958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Paw\u0142uszkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrze\u017ce L. Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matylda","family":"Korgiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrze\u017ce L. Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6014-9589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Bus\u0142owicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrze\u017ce L. Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Ponikowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Centre of General Dermatology and Oncodermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Skin Aging 2003: Recent Advances and Current Concepts","volume":"72","author":"Gilchrest","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01544.x","article-title":"Modulation of Skin Collagen Metabolism in Aged and Photoaged Human Skin In Vivo","volume":"117","author":"Chung","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2537","article-title":"The Skin Microbiome","volume":"9","author":"Grice","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. 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