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Participants underwent a comprehensive evaluation, including clinical assessments (demographic information, medical history, PC progression, and complications such as erectile dysfunction [IIEF-5] and urinary incontinence [ICIQ-UI]), biochemical testing (testosterone, prostate-specific antigen, phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain [pNF-H], brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], neuroserpin [NSP], and interleukin-6 [IL-6]), and neuropsychological assessment of cognitive functions. Statistical analysis revealed significant positive correlations between BDNF and NSP levels and performance on delayed memory tasks, specifically the number of correct responses. No other significant associations were found between protein biomarkers and cognitive test outcomes. These findings suggest that the relationship between biochemical markers and cognitive function is complex. However, BDNF and NSP may serve as potential biomarkers for delayed memory impairment in men post-prostatectomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262010202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T15:20:12Z","timestamp":1760973612000},"page":"10202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Are pNF-H, IL-6, BDNF, and NSP Reliable Biomarkers of Cognitive Function in Prostate Cancer Patients?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8872-6054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicja","family":"Popio\u0142ek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 87-100 Toru\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Brzoszczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Urology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 87-100 Toru\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7305-0242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Borkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 87-100 Toru\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The Mazovian University in P\u0142ock, 09-402 P\u0142ock, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Jarzemski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Urology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 87-100 Toru\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6988-3038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Kozakiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 87-100 Toru\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Szel\u0105gowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 87-100 Toru\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8345-7214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Bieli\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 87-100 Toru\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S267673","article-title":"Biochemical Parameters in Cognitive Functions","volume":"16","author":"Borkowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. 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