{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:14:48Z","timestamp":1791360888170,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Claire and Amedee Maratier Institute for the Study of Blindness and Visual Disorders, Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel","award":["1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, and animal models are essential for studying its pathophysiology and testing therapeutic strategies. In this study, a novel hydrogel-based approach was developed and evaluated to induce experimental glaucoma in mice, using composites of hyaluronic acid (HA) and the self-assembling peptide fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-diphenylalanine (FmocFF). Two formulations with different HA-to-FmocFF ratios were injected either intracamerally or intravitreally in C57BL\/6 mice. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored over 21 days, and retinal tissues were analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically. Significant IOP elevation was observed in one hydrogel formulation (Mixture B), yet without detectable retinal ganglion cell loss. A significant reduction in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density, independent of IOP changes or injection site, was observed in Mixture A. Histological staining confirmed successful delivery and localization of the hydrogel in the anterior chamber, and no evidence of gliosis, microglial activation, or increased apoptosis was revealed by immunostaining. Collectively, these data position the HA-FmocFF hydrogel as a proof-of-concept that advances glaucoma model development, although it does not yet recapitulate the full disease. This model may facilitate future studies of neuroprotection and disease-modifying therapies in glaucoma without confounding inflammatory responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26209860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:50:16Z","timestamp":1760107816000},"page":"9860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Molecular and Histological Characterization of a Novel Hydrogel-Based Strategy for Inducing Experimental Glaucoma in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Basel","family":"Obied","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa 339419, Israel"},{"name":"The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion\u2014Institute of Technology, Haifa 3498838, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1064-7997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion\u2014Institute of Technology, Haifa 3498838, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2281-326X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Kramarz Dadon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8077-7749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tal Corina","family":"Sela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noa","family":"Geffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Halperin-Sternfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3433-0625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lihi","family":"Adler-Abramovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Jan Koum Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5648-1873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitza","family":"Goldenberg-Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa 339419, Israel"},{"name":"The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion\u2014Institute of Technology, Haifa 3498838, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9451-5253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alon","family":"Zahavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7","article-title":"Causes of Blindness and Vision Impairment in 2020 and Trends over 30 Years, and Prevalence of Avoidable Blindness in Relation to VISION 2020: The Right to Sight: An Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"9","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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