{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:17:58Z","timestamp":1787501878528,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institution","award":["RS-2022-KH130303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-KH130303"]}]},{"name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institution","award":["RS-2021-KH113820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2021-KH113820"]}]},{"name":"Jeonbuk RISE Center","award":["2025-RISE-13-JBU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-RISE-13-JBU"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder characterized by progressive articular cartilage degradation, leading to pain, stiffness, and impaired mobility. This study investigated the anti-osteoarthritic effects of Lindera obtusiloba (LO) leaf extract in primary cultured chondrocytes and a mouse model of destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)-induced OA. Mouse primary chondrocytes were treated with IL-1\u03b2 and various concentrations of LO leaf extract (50\u2013150 \u03bcg\/mL), and analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA. For the in vivo experiments, male C57BL\/6 mice underwent DMM surgery and were administered LO leaf extract (50\u2013200 mg\/kg\/day) for eight weeks, followed by micro-CT, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. LO leaf extract exhibited no cytotoxicity in chondrocytes. In interleukin-1\u03b2-induced inflammatory chondrocytes, LO leaf extract significantly suppressed the expression of OA-associated catabolic factors, including cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP3 and MMP13), and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB). It also reduced the production of destructive mediators, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and collagenase, in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, LO leaf extract-treated mice demonstrated significant reductions in articular cartilage degradation, subchondral bone sclerosis, and the expression of catabolic and inflammatory mediators. Additionally, LO leaf extract administration significantly decreased systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in DMM-induced mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that LO leaf extract attenuates OA progression by suppressing both local and systemic inflammatory responses, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of OA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26209877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:50:16Z","timestamp":1760107816000},"page":"9877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protective Effects of Lindera obtusiloba Leaf Extract on Osteoarthritis in Mouse Primary Chondrocytes and a Medial Meniscus Destabilization Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7787-7394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang-Il","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 R&E Initiative for Advanced Precision Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mun Hyoung","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 R&E Initiative for Advanced Precision Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5871-2656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junhwan","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 R&E Initiative for Advanced Precision Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seokjin","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 R&E Initiative for Advanced Precision Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonggyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Research Laboratory, Jeonbuk Institute for Food-Bioindustry, Jeonju 54810, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Woo","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Research Laboratory, Jeonbuk Institute for Food-Bioindustry, Jeonju 54810, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunkuk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biological Research Laboratory, Jeonbuk Institute for Food-Bioindustry, Jeonju 54810, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0625-3530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seon-Yong","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 R&E Initiative for Advanced Precision Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S154002","article-title":"Knee osteoarthritis: Pathophysiology and current treatment modalities","volume":"11","author":"Mora","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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