{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T04:41:25Z","timestamp":1760762485880,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research","award":["918.56.601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["918.56.601"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["90700217","917-11-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90700217","917-11-31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"European Community-funded FP7-EUROHEADPAIN","award":["602633"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602633"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Many central nervous system disorders (CNS), including chronic pain and migraine, involve metabolic changes in the brain. These changes are best detected and monitored in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which requires lumbar puncture. Blood-based measurements may offer an alternative, if they reflect CSF changes. To assess this, we measured and correlated the concentrations of 39 amino acids, biogenic amines, and other amines in blood and CSF of 95 healthy volunteers and, in addition, correlated the ratios of 741 amines. Amines were measured using a validated UPLC-MS platform. In healthy volunteers, only 4\/39 (10.3%) analyzed amine metabolite concentrations had a correlation coefficient \u2265 0.70. Correlations of metabolite ratios were significantly better for 308\/741 (41.5%) combinations. Specifically, ratios of amino acids showed high correlations. In addition, amines were investigated in 197 participants with migraine. Six amine metabolite ratios were different in migraineurs versus healthy volunteers. Most blood amine concentrations do not reflect those in CSF, but many of the ratios did correlate between CSF and plasma, showing diagnostic potential. This study improves our understanding of blood-CSF relationships, and our data suggest that ratios of amines may be of relevance to CNS disorders, as we showed for migraine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26209899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T16:13:03Z","timestamp":1760717583000},"page":"9899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlation of Amine Concentrations in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Healthy Volunteers and Migraineurs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5477-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aster V. E.","family":"Harder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9855-3548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan B.","family":"van Klinken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7946-0485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin M.","family":"van Dongen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0958-4754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerrit L. J.","family":"Onderwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9691-9449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel D.","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2931-4295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy C.","family":"Harms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7871-2073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Hankemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3140-6882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gisela M.","family":"Terwindt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9310-5535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arn M. J. M.","family":"van den Maagdenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"390","author":"Mokdad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"GDB 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators (2020). 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