{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:13:21Z","timestamp":1790720001907,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NSTC 114-2113-M-038-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2113-M-038-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004700","name":"Taipei Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Higher Education Sprout Project of the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan","award":["DP2-TMU-114-O-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP2-TMU-114-O-10"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The escalating crisis of bacterial antimicrobial resistance poses a severe threat to global health, necessitating novel strategies beyond conventional antibiotics. Photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a promising alternative that leverages heat generated by laser irradiation to induce localized cellular damage and eradicate bacteria. Among various photothermal agents, carbon-based nanomaterials like graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) offer exceptional properties for PTT applications. This study introduces a novel urinary catheter (UC) embedded with GNPs (GNPUC), specifically designed for photothermal sterilization to combat catheter-associated bacterial infections. GNPs were systematically incorporated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) catheters at varying weight percentages (1% to 10%). The fabricated GNPUCs exhibited low wettability, hydrophobic characteristics, and low adhesiveness, properties that are crucial for minimizing bacterial interactions and initial adhesion. Upon exposure to near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation (808 nm, 1.5 W\/cm2), the UC containing 10 weight percent of GNPs (10GNPUC) achieved a significant temperature of 68.8 \u00b0C, demonstrating its potent photothermal conversion capability. Quantitative agar plate tests confirmed the enhanced, concentration-dependent photothermal antibacterial activity of GNPUCs against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Notably, 5% and higher GNP concentrations achieved 100% mortality of S. aureus, while 1% and higher concentrations achieved 100% mortality of E. coli. These findings underscore the significant potential of GNP-embedded catheters as a highly effective photothermal antibacterial platform for future clinical applications in combating catheter-associated infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26209922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T16:13:03Z","timestamp":1760717583000},"page":"9922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Graphene Nanoplatelet-Embedded Urinary Catheters for Enhanced Photothermal Sterilization Against Bacterial Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"family":"Nivedita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23564, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9153-307X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-Yi","family":"Tzou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Taipei Medical University Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5901-5205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Saukani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Islam Kalimantan MAB, Banjarmasin 70124, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4937-951X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung-Rong","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23564, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 23564, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e30385","article-title":"Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI)","volume":"14","author":"Rubi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: Current Challenges and Future Prospects","volume":"14","author":"Werneburg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. 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