{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:21:46Z","timestamp":1782512506788,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Project of the Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government","award":["24JK0684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24JK0684"]}]},{"name":"Youth Project of Xizang Minzu University","award":["24MDQ06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24MDQ06"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32160165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32160165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polyporusterone B, a triterpene carboxylic acid isolated from Polyporus umbellatus Fries, exhibits anti-cancer and anti-hemolytic activities; however, its anti-inflammatory properties and underlying mechanisms remain unelucidated. We studied the anti-inflammatory effects of Polyporusterone B using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw264.7 murine macrophages (in vitro) and LPS-induced endotoxin shock in C57BL\/6 mice (in vivo). Results showed that Polyporusterone B (1, 5, and 10 \u03bcM) had no cytotoxicity toward Raw264.7 cells, but significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), and interleukin 6 (IL-6)) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, as demonstrated by Griess assay, qPCR, and ELISA. Western blot analysis revealed that Polyporusterone B suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK, P38, and NK) and reduced phosphorylation-mediated degradation of inhibitor of \u03baB\u03b1 (I\u03baB\u03b1). Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining further confirmed that Polyporusterone B blocked nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-\u03baB)\/Rel A in both Raw264.7 cells and mouse tissues. In the in vivo model, Polyporusterone B pretreatment significantly mitigated LPS-induced multi-organ pathological damage (e.g., lung edema, hepatic inflammation, renal hemorrhage) and downregulated tissue levels of TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-6. These findings suggest that Polyporusterone B exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26209957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T16:13:03Z","timestamp":1760717583000},"page":"9957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Polyporusterone B Alleviates Inflammatory Injury via Suppression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7494-8078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for High Altitude Brain Injury and Repair, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanru","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for High Altitude Brain Injury and Repair, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizhuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for High Altitude Brain Injury and Repair, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaomeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0312-y","article-title":"Transdifferentiation of t\u03bcMor infiltrating innate lymphoid cells during progression of colorectal cancer","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00354-5","article-title":"Poliovirus intrahost evolution is required to overcome tissue-specific innate immune responses","volume":"8","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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