{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T18:31:07Z","timestamp":1780079467204,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Committee of the Ministry of Higher Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["AP23485116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP23485116"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study systematically investigated lipophilic and polar metabolites of Atraphaxis virgata (Polygonaceae) and assessed its immunomodulatory activity in vivo. Supercritical CO2 extraction of the aerial parts yielded a lipophilic fraction analyzed by means of gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS), which identified 42 compounds, including fatty acid esters, sterols, hydrocarbons, and terpenoids. The residual plant meal was subjected to ultrasound-assisted extraction with 70% aqueous ethanol at 30\u201335 \u00b0C, using a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:8 for 120 min. This polar extract was evaluated for amino acids, proteins, and carbohydrates, while solvent\u2013solvent partitioning with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water enabled isolation of phenolic- and flavonoid-enriched fractions. Six phenolic constituents, including four flavonol glycosides and two phenolic acids, were structurally confirmed. The extracts were rich in unsaturated fatty acids and water-soluble antioxidants, supporting their nutritional and pharmacological relevance. In vivo evaluation using a cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression model in Wistar rats demonstrated stimulation of erythropoiesis and leukopoiesis, confirming immunomodulatory potential. Collectively, this work provides the first comprehensive chemical and biological characterization of A. virgata and establishes a foundation for mechanistic studies and pharmacological validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262110301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T08:14:04Z","timestamp":1761207244000},"page":"10301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biologically Active Compounds of Plants of the Atraphaxis Genus: Chemical Composition and Immunomodulatory Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Meruyert D.","family":"Dauletova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Chemistry of Natural Compounds and Polymers, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0398-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almagul K.","family":"Umbetova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Chemistry of Natural Compounds and Polymers, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazym S.","family":"Yelibayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Chemistry of Natural Compounds and Polymers, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gauhar Sh.","family":"Burasheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Chemistry of Natural Compounds and Polymers, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6562-9796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aisulu Zh.","family":"Kabdraisova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Scientific Center for Anti-Infective Drugs, Al-Farabi Ave. 75B, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4750-0884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanat Zh.","family":"Karzhaubekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Forestry and Wildlife Committee, Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, Almaty 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuliya A.","family":"Litvinenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Chemistry of Natural Compounds and Polymers, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0290-3679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanibek S.","family":"Assylkhanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Chemistry of Natural Compounds and Polymers, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitriy Yu.","family":"Korul\u2019kin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Chemistry of Natural Compounds and Polymers, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2018.02.001","article-title":"Phytochemical investigations of Atraphaxis spinosa L (Polygonaceae)","volume":"77","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. 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