{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:35:22Z","timestamp":1789000522322,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015999","name":"Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LBUS- IRG-2022-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LBUS- IRG-2022-08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015999","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovarian follicular fluid (FF) is a metabolically active and biomarker-rich medium that mirrors the oocyte microenvironment. Its analysis is increasingly recognized in infertility diagnostics and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) for assessing oocyte competence, understanding reproductive disorders, and guiding personalized treatment. However, FF\u2019s high viscosity, complex composition, and biochemical variability challenge reproducibility in sample preparation and molecular profiling. Sonication-based extraction has emerged as an effective approach to address these issues. By exploiting acoustic cavitation, sonication improves protein solubilization, metabolite release, and lipid recovery, while reducing solvent use and processing time. This review synthesizes recent advances in sonication-assisted FF analysis across proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics, emphasizing parameter optimization, integration with advanced mass spectrometry workflows, and emerging applications in microfluidics, automation, and point-of-care devices. Clinical implications are discussed in the context of enhanced biomarker discovery pipelines, real-time oocyte selection, and ART outcome prediction. Key challenges, such as preventing biomolecule degradation, standardizing protocols, and achieving inter-laboratory reproducibility, are addressed alongside regulatory considerations. Future directions highlight the potential of combining sonication with multi-omics strategies and AI-driven analytics, paving the way for high-throughput, standardized, and clinically actionable FF analysis to advance precision reproductive medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262110368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:51:42Z","timestamp":1761526302000},"page":"10368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Advancements in Sonication-Based Extraction Techniques for Ovarian Follicular Fluid Analysis: Implications for Infertility Diagnostics and Assisted Reproductive Technologies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Eugen Dan","family":"Chicea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Doctoral School, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical County Emergency Hospital Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1894-4475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu","family":"Chicea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical County Emergency Hospital Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0743-6655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dumitru Alin","family":"Teacoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical County Emergency Hospital Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana Maria","family":"Chicea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical County Emergency Hospital Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8179-6702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana Andrada","family":"Radu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical County Emergency Hospital Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8074-9107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Chicea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Complex Physical Systems, Faculty of Sciences, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550012 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2442-6917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius Alexandru","family":"Moga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Tudor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical County Emergency Hospital Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurdi, C., Schmidt, J., Horv\u00e1th-Szalai, Z., Mauchart, P., G\u00f6d\u00f6ny, K., V\u00e1rnagy, \u00c1., Kov\u00e1cs, G.L., and K\u0151szegi, T. 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