{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T03:37:31Z","timestamp":1773977851696,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To describe unusual findings and management of neuroretinitis in patients with cat scratch disease (CSD), their functional outcome after a case-oriented treatment was anaylsed, and the current literature was reviewed. A retrospective monocentric case series and a literature review. Review of medical records, multimodal imaging, and literature review. Five patients (four females and one male) with a mean age of 29.75 years (range: 11\u201371 years) had unusual findings of ocular bartonellosis, including inner retinitis, focal choroiditis, retinal microaneurysms, and bilateral sectorial optic nerve swelling. Bartonella-related ocular infections were not limited to the posterior segment of the eye. Molecular tests, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), showed that elevated markers of IgG titers were used and were positive in the aqueous humour of one patient. Reference to the use of intravitreal treatment in one of the cases was useful. Case-oriented management is associated with improvement in visual acuity, retinal, and choroidal lesions. The range of ocular signs of Bartonella infection could be extended. Molecular tests, such as PCR, are useful diagnostic approaches in the diagnosis of posterior uveitis. Treatment could require intravitreal antibiotic injections in unusual ocular bartonellosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262110421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T09:16:07Z","timestamp":1761642967000},"page":"10421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Atypical Presentations and Molecular Diagnosis of Ocular Bartonellosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6780-5714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Munirah","family":"Alafaleq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1935-2711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Fardeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Reference Center for Rare Diseases, Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00e9tri\u00e8re Hospital, University Paris Sorbonne, 47-83 Boulevard de l\u2019H\u00f4pital, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, H\u00f4pital Lariboisi\u00e8re, AP-HP, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1895","article-title":"Cat scratch disease","volume":"26","author":"Debre","year":"1950","journal-title":"Sem. 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