{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:15:06Z","timestamp":1791231306354,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["SC3GM143983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SC3GM143983"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["SC3GM143983S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SC3GM143983S"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R15CA287203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15CA287203"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R16GM153522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R16GM153522"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gliomas, the most common primary brain tumors, present significant diagnostic and treatment challenges due to their infiltrative nature and heterogeneity. Our previous research revealed that glioma tumors in both animals and humans accumulate beta-amyloid protein (A\u03b2), detectable through immunohistochemical methods or staining with amyloid-specific dyes. We hypothesize that beta-amyloid-specific dyes could serve as glioma markers, potentially enabling the delineation of glioma tumors or targeted therapeutics delivery. In this study, the specificity and blood-brain barrier permeability of two fluorescent beta-amyloid-specific dyes, Brilliant Blue G (BBG) and BODIPY-based Amyloid Probe-1 (BAP-1), were evaluated in C57Bl\/6 mouse glioma implantation models using GL261 and KR158 glioma cells. The findings demonstrate that both BBG and BAP-1 selectively stain gliomas, providing a clear contrast from normal brain tissue. The study results open avenues for further development of glioma visualization methods and targeted therapeutic delivery strategies for clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262110450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T09:16:07Z","timestamp":1761642967000},"page":"10450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Targeting Gliomas with Beta-Amyloid-Specific Dyes: A Novel Approach for In Vivo Staining and Potential Therapeutic Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8053-5619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilia","family":"Kucheryavykh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe (UCC), Bayam\u00f3n, PR 00960, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jescelica","family":"Ortiz Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe (UCC), Bayam\u00f3n, PR 00960, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Ermolinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV), Brownsville, TX 78539, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1901-4379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassiliy","family":"Tsytsarev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutic, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynnette","family":"Cary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutic, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6220-4576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janaina","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe (UCC), Bayam\u00f3n, PR 00960, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico en Bayam\u00f3n (INTER Bayam\u00f3n), Bayam\u00f3n, PR 00957, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelis","family":"de la Cruz-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico en Bayam\u00f3n (INTER Bayam\u00f3n), Bayam\u00f3n, PR 00957, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3683-0773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Rosa Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe (UCC), Bayam\u00f3n, PR 00960, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5388-4327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Narvaez Irizarry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe (UCC), Bayam\u00f3n, PR 00960, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1413-2100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyrel R.","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe (UCC), Bayam\u00f3n, PR 00960, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3253-7307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail","family":"Inyushin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe (UCC), Bayam\u00f3n, PR 00960, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruno, F., Pellerino, A., Pronello, E., Palmiero, R., Bertero, L., Mantovani, C., Bianconi, A., Melcarne, A., Garbossa, D., and Rud\u00e0, R. (2022). Elderly Gliobastoma Patients: The Impact of Surgery and Adjuvant Treatments on Survival. A Single Institution Experience. Brain Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12050632"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kucheryavykh, L.Y., Ortiz-Rivera, J., Kucheryavykh, Y.V., Zayas-Santiago, A., Diaz-Garcia, A., and Inyushin, M.Y. (2019). Accumulation of Innate Amyloid Beta Peptide in Glioblastoma Tumors. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20102482"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13493","article-title":"Accumulation of amyloid beta in human glioblastomas","volume":"202","author":"Inyushin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(93)80819-G","article-title":"Production of the Alzheimer\u2019s beta-amyloid peptide by C6 glioma cells","volume":"336","author":"Morato","year":"1993","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12922","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000823R","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles: Where the amyloid precursor protein carboxyl-terminal fragments accumulate and amyloid-\u03b2 oligomerizes","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx057","article-title":"Biochemically-defined pools of amyloid-\u03b2 in sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Correlation with amyloid PET","volume":"140","author":"Roberts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belousov, A., Titov, S., Shved, N., Garbuz, M., Malykin, G., Gulaia, V., Kagansky, A., and Kumeiko, V. (2019). The Extracellular Matrix and Biocompatible Materials in Glioblastoma Treatment. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2019.00341"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bianconi, A., Aruta, G., Rizzo, F., Salvati, L.F., Zeppa, P., Garbossa, D., and Cofano, F. (2022). Systematic Review on Tumor Microenvironment in Glial Neoplasm: From Understanding Pathogenesis to Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084166"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marino, S., Menna, G., Di Bonaventura, R., Lisi, L., Mattogno, P., Fig\u00e0, F., Bilgin, L., D\u2019Alessandris, Q.G., Olivi, A., and Della Pepa, G.M. (2023). The Extracellular Matrix in Glioblastomas: A Glance at Its Structural Modifications in Shaping the Tumoral Microenvironment\u2014A Systematic Review. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15061879"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, S., Joshi, V., and Upadhyay, A. (2023). Amyloids and brain cancer: Molecular linkages and crossovers. Biosci. Rep., 43.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20230489"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazurek, M., Kulesza, B., Stoma, F., Osuchowski, J., Ma\u0144dziuk, S., and Rola, R. (2020). Characteristics of Fluorescent Intraoperative Dyes Helpful in Gross Total Resection of High-Grade Gliomas-A Systematic Review. Diagnostics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10121100"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeppa, P., De Marco, R., Monticelli, M., Massara, A., Bianconi, A., Di Perna, G., Crasto, S.G., Cofano, F., Melcarne, A., and Lanotte, M.M. (2022). Fluorescence-Guided Surgery in Glioblastoma: 5-ALA, SF or Both? Differences between Fluorescent Dyes in 99 Consecutive Cases. Brain Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12050555"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xi, C., Jinli, S., Jianyao, M., Yan, C., Huijuan, L., Zhongjie, S., Zhangyu, L., Liwei, Z., Yukui, L., and Sifang, C. (2023). Fluorescein-guided surgery for high-grade glioma resection: A five-year-long retrospective study at our institute. Front. Oncol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1191470"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahrens, L.C., Krabbenhoft, M.G., Rasmus, W.H., Mikic, N., Pedersen, C.B., Poulsen, F.R., and Korshoej, A.R. (2022). Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Sodium Fluorescein on the Extent of Resection in High-Grade Gliomas and Brain Metastasis. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030617"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pesaresi, A., La Cava, P., Bonada, M., Zeppa, P., Melcarne, A., Cofano, F., Fiaschi, P., Garbossa, D., and Bianconi, A. (2024). Combined Fluorescence-Guided Surgery with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Fluorescein in Glioblastoma: Technical Description and Report of 100 Cases. Cancers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16162771"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Specchia, F.M.C., Monticelli, M., Zeppa, P., Bianconi, A., Zenga, F., Altieri, R., Pugliese, B., Di Perna, G., Cofano, F., and Tartara, F. (2021). Let me see: Correlation between 5-ala fluorescence and molecular pathways in glioblastoma: A single center experience. Brain Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11060795"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-004-1121-6","article-title":"Toxic effects of indocyanine green, infracyanine green, and trypan blue on the human retinal pigmented epithelium","volume":"243","author":"Kodjikian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iae.0000253051.01194.ab","article-title":"Mechanisms of intravitreal toxicity of indocyanine green dye: Implications for chromovitrectomy","volume":"27","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2007","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.ra.2015-0297","article-title":"Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Malignant Brain Tumors","volume":"56","author":"Miyatake","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol. Med. Chir."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"279","article-title":"Neutron capture therapy with boron in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"71","author":"Farr","year":"1954","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol. Radium Ther. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hughes, A.M., and Hu, N. (2023). Optimizing Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) to Treat Cancer: An Updated Review on the Latest Developments on Boron Compounds and Strategies. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15164091"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2024.215795","article-title":"Novel promising boron agents for boron neutron capture therapy: Current status and outlook on the future","volume":"511","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(94)90479-0","article-title":"Clinical results of long-surviving brain tumor patients who underwent boron neutron capture therapy","volume":"28","author":"Hatanaka","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1993.1439","article-title":"The binding interaction of Coomassie blue with proteins","volume":"213","author":"Congdon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwamaru, Y., Takenouchi, T., Murayama, Y., Okada, H., Imamura, M., Shimizu, Y., Hashimoto, M., Mohri, S., Yokoyama, T., and Kitani, H. (2012). Anti-Prion Activity of Brilliant Blue G. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037896"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.110.070276","article-title":"Inhibition of neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels by brilliant blue G","volume":"80","author":"Jo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1021\/cn3000058","article-title":"BODIPY-based molecular probe for imaging of cerebral \u03b2-amyloid plaques","volume":"3","author":"Ono","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1993.1117","article-title":"A spectral study of the charge forms of Coomassie blue G","volume":"209","author":"Chial","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"259","article-title":"First-Pass Metabolism Considerations in Pharmaceutical Product Development","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Tekade","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dosage Form Design Considerations"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22707","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M611050200","article-title":"Rodent A beta modulates the solubility and distribution of amyloid deposits in transgenic mice","volume":"282","author":"Jankowsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kucheryavykh, L.Y., Kucheryavykh, Y.V., Rol\u00f3n-Reyes, K., Skatchkov, S.N., Eaton, M.J., Cubano, L.A., and Inyushin, M. (2012). Visualization of implanted GL261 glioma cells in living mouse brain slices using fluorescent 4-(4-(dimethylamino)-styryl)-N-methylpyridinium iodide (ASP+). Biotechniques, 53.","DOI":"10.2144\/000113940"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inyushin, M., Zayas-Santiago, A., Rojas, L., and Kucheryavykh, L. (2020). On the Role of Platelet-Generated Amyloid Beta Peptides in Certain Amyloidosis Health Complications. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.571083"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11745","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b06568","article-title":"Repurposing Triphenylmethane Dyes to Bind to Trimers Derived from A\u03b2","volume":"140","author":"Salveson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3834","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M112.021881","article-title":"Coomassie blue as a near-infrared fluorescent stain: A systematic comparison with Sypro Ruby for in-gel protein detection","volume":"12","author":"Butt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.21.4.492","article-title":"Properties and Biological Behaviour of Coomassie Blue","volume":"21","author":"Taylor","year":"1959","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2005.10.048","article-title":"Quantitation of protein on gels and blots by infrared fluorescence of Coomassie blue and Fast Green","volume":"350","author":"Luo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0010.4867","article-title":"Coomassie Blue G250 for Visualization of Active Bacteria from Lake Environment and Culture","volume":"66","author":"Kiersztyn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polish J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Boyd, W.M., Chambers, W.A., and Stein, P.P. (2019). TissueBlue (Brilliant Blue G Ophthalmic Solution) 0.025%: Clinical and Regulatory Review, U.S. Food and Drug Administration."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.2119\/2007-00100.Irvine","article-title":"Protein Aggregation in the Brain: The Molecular Basis for Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s Diseases","volume":"14","author":"Irvine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"82","article-title":"Brilliant blue G selectively blocks ATP-gated rat P2X7 receptors","volume":"58","author":"Jiang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-013-0265-2","article-title":"P2X7 receptor inhibition increases CNTF in the subventricular zone, but not neurogenesis or neuroprotection after stroke in adult mice","volume":"4","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.12.014","article-title":"P2X7 receptor blockade prevents ATP excitotoxicity in neurons and reduces brain damage after ischemia","volume":"45","author":"Arbeloa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.06.008","article-title":"A reassessment of P2X7 receptor inhibition as a neuroprotective strategy in rat models of contusion injury","volume":"233","author":"Marcillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12489","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902531106","article-title":"Systemic administration of an antagonist of the ATP-sensitive receptor P2X7 improves recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"106","author":"Peng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, W.J., Hu, C.G., Zhu, Z.M., and Luo, H.L. (2020). Effect of P2X7 receptor on tumorigenesis and its pharmacological properties. Biomed. Pharmacother., 125.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.109844"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-024-00581-w","article-title":"Preparation and in vitro evaluation of BBG-250 loaded liposomal formulation for anticancer potential","volume":"10","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Futur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-020-09705-2","article-title":"P2X7 receptor antagonism inhibits tumour growth in human high-grade gliomas","volume":"16","author":"Kan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, J., Teng, B., Xu, Z., Wan, Y., and Jin, G. (2023). A porous form Coomassie brilliant blue G250-isorhamnetin fluorescent composite coated with acrylic resin for tumor cell imaging. Front. Chem., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2023.1260533"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2011.08.043","article-title":"Spectroscopic characterization of Coomassie blue and its binding to amyloid fibrils","volume":"420","author":"Carlsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc-2016-0185","article-title":"Targeting \u03b2-amyloid plaques and oligomers: Development of near-IR fluorescence imaging probes","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Future Med. Chem."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/21\/10450\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T05:36:47Z","timestamp":1761802607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/21\/10450"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms262110450"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms262110450","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]}}}