{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T05:02:54Z","timestamp":1780376574640,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":219,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund","award":["FK_138389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FK_138389"]}]},{"name":"Higher Education Institutional Excellence Programme of the Ministry of Human Capacities in Hungary, within the framework of the Neurology Thematic Programme of Semmelweis University","award":["TKP 2021 EGA-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP 2021 EGA-25"]}]},{"name":"\u201cSemmelweis 250+ Excellence PhD scholarship\u201d"},{"name":"University Research Scholarship Programme of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund","award":["2024-2.1.1-EK\u00d6P-2024-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-2.1.1-EK\u00d6P-2024-35"]}]},{"name":"University Research Scholarship Programme of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund","award":["2024-2.1.1-EK\u00d6P-2024-60"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-2.1.1-EK\u00d6P-2024-60"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current pharmacological approach for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), as a result of prescription misuse or illicit opioids, utilises opioid ligands that have either an agonist or antagonist profile. In this context, methadone and buprenorphine act as opioid agonists, whereas naltrexone functions as an opioid antagonist. To decrease the reinforcing effects of illicit opioids, higher doses of methadone and buprenorphine have been recommended, but this is associated with increased side effects. Therefore, several preclinical efforts have been carried out over the last decades to find drugs that act on receptors other than opioid receptors. A large body of preclinical evidence has shown the ability of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists like ketamine to treat opioid addiction behaviours in animals. Indeed, ketamine by itself is an addictive drug; thus, the treatment of OUD is still a matter to be solved. Growing data position glycine transporter 1 as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of substance use disorder. This transporter regulates the reuptake of glycine, which can modulate the function of both NMDARs and GPR158, a metabotropic glycine receptor (mGlyR); thus, it is worth investigating in the management of OUD. To gain insight into the role of glycinergic transmission in OUD, alongside NMDAR-mediated glutamatergic transmission, dopaminergic and GABAergic transmission were also reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262110526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T17:38:22Z","timestamp":1761759502000},"page":"10526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Crosstalk Between Glycinergic and N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor-Mediated Glutamatergic Transmission in Behaviours Associated with Opioid Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3440-6263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nariman","family":"Essmat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyv\u00e1rad t\u00e9r 4, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, \u00dclloi \u00fat 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Imre","family":"Boldizs\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyv\u00e1rad t\u00e9r 4, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, \u00dclloi \u00fat 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9323-879X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yashar","family":"Chalabiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyv\u00e1rad t\u00e9r 4, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, \u00dclloi \u00fat 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1768-0439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bence Tam\u00e1s","family":"Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyv\u00e1rad t\u00e9r 4, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, \u00dclloi \u00fat 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5305-8730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Kadhim","family":"Abbood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyv\u00e1rad t\u00e9r 4, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, \u00dclloi \u00fat 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judit M\u00e1ria","family":"Kirchlechner-Farkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyv\u00e1rad t\u00e9r 4, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, \u00dclloi \u00fat 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Korn\u00e9l","family":"Kir\u00e1ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyv\u00e1rad t\u00e9r 4, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, \u00dclloi \u00fat 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ildik\u00f3","family":"Miklya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyv\u00e1rad t\u00e9r 4, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, \u00dclloi \u00fat 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"Gyerty\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyv\u00e1rad t\u00e9r 4, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, \u00dclloi \u00fat 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5343-0205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"T\u00e1bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, \u00dclloi \u00fat 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyv\u00e1rad t\u00e9r 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"F\u00fcrst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyv\u00e1rad t\u00e9r 4, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, \u00dclloi \u00fat 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Laszlo G.","family":"Harsing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyv\u00e1rad t\u00e9r 4, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, \u00dclloi \u00fat 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferenc","family":"Z\u00e1dor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyv\u00e1rad t\u00e9r 4, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8488-3266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Al-Khrasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyv\u00e1rad t\u00e9r 4, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Semmelweis University, \u00dclloi \u00fat 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03420070058030","article-title":"HIV-1 Infection among Intravenous Drug Users in Manhattan, New York City, from 1977 through 1987","volume":"261","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5391","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.12.5391","article-title":"A Brief History of Opiates, Opioid Peptides, and Opioid Receptors","volume":"90","author":"Brownstein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.02.043","article-title":"Fentanyl Laced Heroin and Its Contribution to a Spike in Heroin Overdose in Miami-Dade County","volume":"35","author":"Bode","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-020-00928-3","article-title":"Engagement in Harm Reduction Strategies After Suspected Fentanyl Contamination Among Opioid-Dependent Individuals","volume":"46","author":"Mistler","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkae062","article-title":"Fluorofentanyl and Novel Synthetic Opioids in Accidental Overdose Deaths","volume":"48","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0661-4","article-title":"The Changing Opioid Crisis: Development, Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"26","author":"Volkow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosztafi, S., Galambos, A.R., K\u00f6teles, I., Kar\u00e1di, D., F\u00fcrst, S., and Al-Khrasani, M. (2024). Opioid-Based Haptens: Development of Immunotherapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147781"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n784","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n784","article-title":"Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care","volume":"373","author":"Buresh","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"CD002209","article-title":"Methadone Maintenance Therapy versus No Opioid Replacement Therapy for Opioid Dependence","volume":"2009","author":"Mattick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-019-00814-4","article-title":"Availability of Medications for the Treatment of Alcohol and Opioid Use Disorder in the USA","volume":"17","author":"Abraham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1604339","article-title":"Treatment of Opioid-Use Disorders","volume":"375","author":"Schuckit","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4568","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02238-1","article-title":"Functional Genomic Mechanisms of Opioid Action and Opioid Use Disorder: A Systematic Review of Animal Models and Human Studies","volume":"28","author":"Falconnier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)90324-7","article-title":"Differentiation of Intracranial Morphine Self-Administration Behavior among Five Brain Regions in Mice","volume":"48","author":"David","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000425","article-title":"Anatomical and Pharmacological Specificity of the Rewarding Effect Elicited by Microinjections of Morphine into the Nucleus Accumbens of Mice","volume":"150","author":"David","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.111.6.1324","article-title":"The Development of a Conditioned Place Preference to Morphine: Effects of Microinjections into Various CNS Sites","volume":"111","author":"Olmstead","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(80)90460-8","article-title":"Reinforcing Effects of Morphine Microinjection into the Ventral Tegmental Area","volume":"12","author":"Phillips","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1402780","article-title":"Medication-Assisted Therapies\u2014Tackling the Opioid-Overdose Epidemic","volume":"370","author":"Volkow","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15592","article-title":"Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying Opioid Use Disorder and Potential Treatment Strategies","volume":"180","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.119.258004","article-title":"Non-Opioid Neurotransmitter Systems That Contribute to the Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome: A Review of Preclinical and Human Evidence","volume":"371","author":"Dunn","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.06.100","article-title":"Memantine Blocks Sensitization to the Rewarding Effects of Morphine","volume":"1288","author":"Aguilar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00065-2","article-title":"Intraaccumbens Administration of NMDA Receptor Antagonist (\u00b1)-CPP Prevents Locomotor Activation Conditioned by Morphine and Amphetamine in Rats","volume":"55","author":"Bespalov","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.02.117","article-title":"The Role of NR2B Containing NMDA Receptor in Place Preference Conditioned with Morphine and Natural Reinforcers in Rats","volume":"200","author":"Ma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.08.014","article-title":"NR2B-Containing NMDA Receptor Is Required for Morphine-but Not Stress-Induced Reinstatement","volume":"203","author":"Ma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.02.009","article-title":"Morphine Causes a Delayed Increase in Glutamate Receptor Functioning in the Nucleus Accumbens Core","volume":"511","author":"Jacobs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galambos, A.R., Papp, Z.T., Boldizs\u00e1r, I., Z\u00e1dor, F., K\u00f6les, L., Harsing, L.G., and Al-Khrasani, M. (2024). Glycine Transporter 1 Inhibitors: Predictions on Their Possible Mechanisms in the Development of Opioid Analgesic Tolerance. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12020421"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galambos, A.R., Essmat, N., Lakatos, P.P., Sz\u00fccs, E., Boldizs\u00e1r, I., Abbood, S.K., Kar\u00e1di, D., Kirchlechner-Farkas, J.M., Kir\u00e1ly, K., and Benyhe, S. (2024). Glycine Transporter 1 Inhibitors Minimize the Analgesic Tolerance to Morphine. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011136"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1578","article-title":"Is There a Common Molecular Pathway for Addiction?","volume":"8","author":"Nestler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Listos, J., \u0141upina, M., Talarek, S., Mazur, A., Orzelska-G\u00f3rka, J., and Kotli\u0144ska, J. (2019). The Mechanisms Involved in Morphine Addiction: An Overview. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174302"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaplan, G.B., and Thompson, B.L. (2023). Neuroplasticity of the Extended Amygdala in Opioid Withdrawal and Prolonged Opioid Abstinence. Front. Pharmacol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1253736"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-00532-4","article-title":"Stress and the Dopaminergic Reward System","volume":"52","author":"Baik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00046-9","article-title":"Fentanyl Increases Dopamine Release in Rat Nucleus Accumbens: Involvement of Mesolimbic MU- and Delta-2-Opioid Receptors","volume":"92","author":"Yoshida","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2024.12.015","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Epidemiology of Opioid Use Disorder Among Adolescents and Young Adults, 1990\u20132019","volume":"76","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890210207","article-title":"Elevations of Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine and DOPAC Levels during Intravenous Heroin Self-administration","volume":"21","author":"Wise","year":"1995","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gooding, S.W., Lewis, E., Chau, C., Sandhu, S., Glienke, J., and Whistler, J.L. (2024). Nucleus Accumbens Sub-Regions Experience Distinct Dopamine Release Responses Following Acute and Chronic Morphine Exposure. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.06.28.601282"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12709","article-title":"Rapid Dopamine Transmission within the Nucleus Accumbens: Dramatic Difference between Morphine and Oxycodone Delivery","volume":"40","author":"Mabrouk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890140307","article-title":"Long Lasting Changes in Morphine-induced Mesolimbic Dopamine Release after Chronic Morphine Exposure","volume":"14","author":"Spanagel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(01)00150-8","article-title":"Biphasic Dose-Related Effects of Morphine on Dopamine Release","volume":"65","author":"Maisonneuve","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00579-0","article-title":"Orphanin FQ Reduces Morphine-Induced Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens: A Microdialysis Study in Rats","volume":"272","author":"Pieretti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)91724-F","article-title":"Dopamine Microdialysis in the Nucleus Accumbens during Acute and Chronic Morphine, Naloxone-Precipitated Withdrawal and Clonidine Treatment","volume":"566","author":"Pothos","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(91)90214-B","article-title":"Profound Depression of Mesolimbic Dopamine Release after Morphine Withdrawal in Dependent Rats","volume":"193","author":"Acquas","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13241","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13241","article-title":"Intermittent Access to Oxycodone Decreases Dopamine Uptake in the Nucleus Accumbens Core during Abstinence","volume":"27","author":"Samson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12845","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12845","article-title":"Ghrelin Receptor Antagonism of Fentanyl-Induced Conditioned Place Preference, Intravenous Self-Administration, and Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens in Rats","volume":"25","author":"Puskina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferber, S.G., Weller, A., Yadid, G., and Friedman, A. (2021). Discovering the Lost Reward: Critical Locations for Endocannabinoid Modulation of the Cortico\u2013Striatal Loop That Are Implicated in Major Depression. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041867"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gangarossa, G., Espallergues, J., d\u2019Exaerde, A.d.K., El Mestikawy, S., Gerfen, C.R., Herv\u00e9, D., Girault, J.A., and Valjent, E. (2013). Distribution and Compartmental Organization of GABAergic Medium-Sized Spiny Neurons in the Mouse Nucleus Accumbens. Front. Neural Circuits, 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2013.00022"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chartoff, E.H., and Connery, H.S. (2014). It\u2019s MORe Exciting than Mu: Crosstalk between Mu Opioid Receptors and Glutamatergic Transmission in the Mesolimbic Dopamine System. Front. Pharmacol., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00116"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosseinzadeh Sahafi, O., Sardari, M., Alijanpour, S., and Rezayof, A. (2023). Shared Mechanisms of GABAergic and Opioidergic Transmission Regulate Corticolimbic Reward Systems and Cognitive Aspects of Motivational Behaviors. Brain Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13050815"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-02-00796.1997","article-title":"Increased Probability of GABA Release during Withdrawal from Morphine","volume":"17","author":"Bonci","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/37.5.485","article-title":"Gabaergic Mechanisms of Opiate Reinforcement","volume":"37","author":"Xi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17729","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4570-11.2011","article-title":"Opioid-Sensitive GABA Inputs from Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus Synapse onto Midbrain Dopamine Neurons","volume":"31","author":"Matsui","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabc0413","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc0413","article-title":"Fentanyl Vapor Self-Administration Model in Mice to Study Opioid Addiction","volume":"6","author":"Moussawi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bajo, M., Madamba, S.G., Roberto, M., and Siggins, G.R. (2014). Acute Morphine Alters GABAergic Transmission in the Central Amygdala during Naloxone-Precipitated Morphine Withdrawal: Role of Cyclic AMP. Front. Integr. Neurosci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2014.00045"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111515","article-title":"Alterations in Neurotransmitter Levels and Transcription Factor Expression Following Intranasal Buprenorphine Administration","volume":"138","author":"Xhakaza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12940","article-title":"Prefrontal GABA and Glutamate Levels Correlate with Impulsivity and Cognitive Function of Prescription Opioid Addicts: A 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study","volume":"74","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5685","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2317-18.2019","article-title":"Synaptic Regulation by OPRM1 Variants in Reward Neurocircuitry","volume":"39","author":"Popova","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1915143117","article-title":"Nociceptin Attenuates the Escalation of Oxycodone Self-Administration by Normalizing CeA-GABA Transmission in Highly Addicted Rats","volume":"117","author":"Kallupi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.36518\/2689-0216.1498","article-title":"A Retrospective Comparison of the Effectiveness of Buprenorphine Versus Baclofen for Acute Opioid Withdrawal","volume":"4","author":"Hermenau","year":"2023","journal-title":"HCA Healthc. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01620-5","article-title":"Inhibition of Dorsal Raphe GABAergic Neurons Blocks Hyperalgesia during Heroin Withdrawal","volume":"48","author":"Vendruscolo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Gilsa, A., Steiner, J., Gos, A., Tr\u00fcbner, K., Mawrin, C., Kaliszan, M., Nickl-Jockschat, T., and Gos, T. (2025). Impairment of the GABAergic System in the Anterior Midcingulate Cortex of Heroin-Addicted Males. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci., 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-025-01992-3"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-024-01848-2","article-title":"Impairment of the GABAergic System in the Anterior Insular Cortex of Heroin-Addicted Males","volume":"275","author":"Gos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-025-06747-5","article-title":"Reduced GIRK Expression in Midbrain Dopamine Neurons during Prolonged Abstinence from Fentanyl Self-Administration","volume":"242","author":"Pachenari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2023.02.003","article-title":"Effect of ASP8062 on Morphine Self-Administration and Morphine-Induced Respiratory Suppression in Monkeys","volume":"151","author":"Akuzawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, K., Mu, Q., Chang, H., Zhang, C., Wang, Y., Rong, S., Liu, S., Zuo, D., He, Z., and Wan, D. (2020). Postretrieval Microinjection of Baclofen Into the Agranular Insular Cortex Inhibits Morphine-Induced CPP by Disrupting Reconsolidation. Front. Pharmacol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00743"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113492028","article-title":"Effects of Inactivating the Agranular or Granular Insular Cortex on the Acquisition of the Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference and Naloxone-Precipitated Conditioned Place Aversion in Rats","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3444","article-title":"New Insights into the Classification and Nomenclature of Cortical GABAergic Interneurons","volume":"14","author":"Defelipe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69746","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.69746","article-title":"Convergent, Functionally Independent Signaling by Mu and Delta Opioid Receptors in Hippocampal Parvalbumin Interneurons","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.12.013","article-title":"Mu Opioid Receptors Inhibit GABA Release from Parvalbumin Interneuron Terminals onto CA1 Pyramidal Cells","volume":"522","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2025.03.005","article-title":"Divergent Opioid-Mediated Suppression of Inhibition between Hippocampus and Neocortex across Species and Development","volume":"113","author":"Caccavano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bouarab, C., Thompson, B., and Polter, A.M. (2019). VTA GABA Neurons at the Interface of Stress and Reward. Front. Neural Circuits, 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2019.00078"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reeves, K.C., Shah, N., Mu\u00f1oz, B., and Atwood, B.K. (2022). Opioid Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Neurotransmission in the Brain. Front. Mol. Neurosci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.919773"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.1107","article-title":"Mu Opioid Receptors Are in Discrete Hippocampal Interneuron Subpopulations","volume":"12","author":"Drake","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cattaneo, S., Zaghi, M., Maddalena, R., Bedogni, F., Sessa, A., and Taverna, S. (2019). Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons Co-Release GABA and Glutamate onto Different Postsynaptic Targets in the Striatum. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/566984"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kecsk\u00e9s, A., Poh\u00f3czky, K., Kecsk\u00e9s, M., Varga, Z.V., Kormos, V., Sz\u0151ke, \u00c9., Henn-Mike, N., Feh\u00e9r, M., Kun, J., and Gyenesei, A. (2020). Characterization of Neurons Expressing the Novel Analgesic Drug Target Somatostatin Receptor 4 in Mouse and Human Brains. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207788"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.01.009","article-title":"Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide-Expressing Interneurons in the Hippocampus Support Goal-Oriented Spatial Learning","volume":"101","author":"Turi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2879","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01124-y","article-title":"Enkephalin Release from VIP Interneurons in the Hippocampal CA2\/3a Region Mediates Heterosynaptic Plasticity and Social Memory","volume":"27","author":"Leroy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00190.x","article-title":"Enkephalin-Containing Interneurons Are Specialized to Innervate Other Interneurons in the Hippocampal CA1 Region of the Rat and Guinea-Pig","volume":"10","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berr\u00edos-C\u00e1rcamo, P., Quezada, M., Santapau, D., Morales, P., Olivares, B., Ponce, C., \u00c1vila, A., De Gregorio, C., Ezquer, M., and Quintanilla, M.E. (2022). A Novel Morphine Drinking Model of Opioid Dependence in Rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073874"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neubrandt, M., Lenkey, N., and Vervaeke, K. (2025). VIP Interneurons Control Hippocampal Place Cell Remapping through Transient Disinhibition in Novel Environments. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.02.01.636072"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16176","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16176","article-title":"Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine and GABA Neurons: Physiological Properties and Expression of MRNA for Endocannabinoid Biosynthetic Elements","volume":"5","author":"Merrill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23271","article-title":"Calretinin and Calbindin Architecture of the Midline Thalamus Associated with Prefrontal\u2013Hippocampal Circuitry","volume":"31","author":"Viena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100085","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.100085.3","article-title":"Ventral Tegmental Area Interneurons Revisited: GABA and Glutamate Projection Neurons Make Local Synapses","volume":"13","author":"Oriol","year":"2025","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.04.030","article-title":"Separate GABA Afferents to Dopamine Neurons Mediate Acute Action of Opioids, Development of Tolerance, and Expression of Withdrawal","volume":"82","author":"Matsui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.03.003","article-title":"A Motivational and Neuropeptidergic Hub: Anatomical and Functional Diversity within the Nucleus Accumbens Shell","volume":"102","author":"Castro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2015.01.002","article-title":"Understanding Opioid Reward","volume":"38","author":"Fields","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04591.x","article-title":"Electrophysiological and Morphological Characteristics of GABAergic Respiratory Neurons in the Mouse Pre-B\u00f6tzinger Complex","volume":"23","author":"Kuwana","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00419-9","article-title":"Ambiguous Respiratory Neurons Are Modulated by GABA(A) Receptor-Mediated Inhibition","volume":"90","author":"Yajima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03223-x","article-title":"The Interdependence of Excitation and Inhibition for the Control of Dynamic Breathing Rhythms","volume":"9","author":"Baertsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/37610","article-title":"How Opioids Inhibit GABA-Mediated Neurotransmission","volume":"390","author":"Vaughan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.09.008","article-title":"Drug Dependent Sex-Differences in Periaqueducatal Gray Mediated Antinociception in the Rat","volume":"147","author":"Bobeck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00936-0","article-title":"Central Nervous System Targets: Inhibitory Interneurons in the Spinal Cord","volume":"17","author":"Hughes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.12.009","article-title":"Expression of Calretinin Among Different Neurochemical Classes of Interneuron in the Superficial Dorsal Horn of the Mouse Spinal Cord","volume":"398","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001499","article-title":"Spinal Somatostatin-Positive Interneurons Transmit Chemical Itch","volume":"160","author":"Fatima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"242","article-title":"Immunofluorescent Visualization of Mouse Interneuron Subtypes","volume":"3","author":"Glerup","year":"2014","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.112.007138","article-title":"Mu Opioids and Their Receptors: Evolution of a Concept","volume":"65","author":"Pasternak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002538","article-title":"Truncated \u03bc-Opioid Receptors with 6 Transmembrane Domains Are Essential for Opioid Analgesia","volume":"126","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.111.076307","article-title":"Signaling Cascades for \u03b4-Opioid Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Gaba Synaptic Transmission and Behavioral Antinociception","volume":"81","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4735","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5968-09.2010","article-title":"Synaptic Mechanism for Functional Synergism between \u03b4- And \u03bc-Opioid Receptors","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.101","article-title":"Addiction: The Clinical Interface","volume":"154","author":"Nutt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, G.C., Small, C.A., Otteson, D.Z., Hafen, C.W., Breinholt, J.T., Flora, P.D., Burris, M.D., Sant, D.W., Ruchti, T.R., and Yorgason, J.T. (2023). Whole-Body Vibration Prevents Neuronal, Neurochemical, and Behavioral Effects of Morphine Withdrawal in a Rat Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814147"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148407","article-title":"Association between Methylation in the Promoter Region of the GAD2 Gene and Opioid Use Disorder","volume":"1812","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.105017","article-title":"Dopamine D1-D2 Receptor Heteromer Expression in Key Brain Regions of Rat and Higher Species: Upregulation in Rat Striatum after Cocaine Administration","volume":"143","author":"Hasbi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5671","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1039-08.2008","article-title":"Opposing Patterns of Signaling Activation in Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptor-Expressing Striatal Neurons in Response to Cocaine and Haloperidol","volume":"28","author":"Bosch","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903160305","article-title":"Topographical Organization and Relationship with Ventral Striatal Compartments of Prefrontal Corticostriatal Projections in the Rat","volume":"316","author":"Berendse","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2018.10.010","article-title":"Valence Coding in Amygdala Circuits","volume":"26","author":"Pignatelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16954","article-title":"A Thalamic Input to the Nucleus Accumbens Mediates Opiate Dependence","volume":"530","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4281","article-title":"VTA Glutamatergic Inputs to Nucleus Accumbens Drive Aversion by Acting on GABAergic Interneurons","volume":"19","author":"Qi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00772-7","article-title":"Ventral Arkypallidal Neurons Inhibit Accumbal Firing to Promote Reward Consumption","volume":"24","author":"Vachez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.015","article-title":"Circuit Architecture of VTA Dopamine Neurons Revealed by Systematic Input-Output Mapping","volume":"162","author":"Beier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.116.012484","article-title":"The Nucleus Accumbens: Mechanisms of Addiction across Drug Classes Reflect the Importance of Glutamate Homeostasis","volume":"68","author":"Scofield","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11657","article-title":"Ventral Tegmental Area GABA Projections Pause Accumbal Cholinergic Interneurons to Enhance Associative Learning","volume":"492","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1194242025","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1194-24.2025","article-title":"Presynaptic Mu Opioid Receptors Suppress the Functional Connectivity of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopaminergic Neurons with Aversion-Related Brain Regions","volume":"45","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37834","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37834","article-title":"Nicotinic and Opioid Receptor Regulation of Striatal Dopamine D2-Receptor Mediated Transmission","volume":"6","author":"Mamaligas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0219-25.2025","article-title":"Excitatory Synaptic Transmission Is Differentially Modulated by Opioid Receptors along the Claustro-Cingulate Pathway","volume":"12","author":"Reeves","year":"2025","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01637-w","article-title":"Ventral Tegmental Area Glutamate Neurons Establish a Mu-Opioid Receptor Gated Circuit to Mesolimbic Dopamine Neurons and Regulate Opioid-Seeking Behavior","volume":"48","author":"McGovern","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01683-4","article-title":"Control of Dopamine Communication by Opioids: Glutamate Enters the Discussion","volume":"48","author":"Lupica","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, M.T.C., Bellone, C., Mameli, M., Labou\u00e8be, G., Bocklisch, C., Balland, B., Dahan, L., Luj\u00e1n, R., Deisseroth, K., and L\u00fcScher, C. (2010). Drug-Driven AMPA Receptor Redistribution Mimicked by Selective Dopamine Neuron Stimulation. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015870"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a039602","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a039602","article-title":"Glutamatergic Systems and Memory Mechanisms Underlying Opioid Addiction","volume":"11","author":"Heinsbroek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salisbury, A.J., Blackwood, C.A., and Cadet, J.L. (2021). Prolonged Withdrawal From Escalated Oxycodone Is Associated With Increased Expression of Glutamate Receptors in the Rat Hippocampus. Front. Neurosci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.617973"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, H., Olaniran, A., Luo, X., Strauch, J., Burke, M.A.M., Matheson, C.L., and Li, X. (2024). Orbitofrontal Cortex to Dorsal Striatum Circuit Is Critical for Incubation of Oxycodone Craving after Forced Abstinence. Addict. Biol., 29.","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13440"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-024-01229-4","article-title":"Glutamatergic Neurons in Ventral Pallidum Modulate Heroin Addiction via Epithalamic Innervation in Rats","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109773","article-title":"Oxycodone Withdrawal Is Associated with Increased Cocaine Self-Administration and Aberrant Accumbens Glutamate Plasticity in Rats","volume":"242","author":"Khatri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2022.100431","article-title":"Sex and Chronic Stress Alter the Distribution of Glutamate Receptors within Rat Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Cells Following Oxycodone Conditioned Place Preference","volume":"17","author":"Dolgetta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1190-3","article-title":"Blockade of Ionotropic Glutamatergic Transmission in the Ventral Tegmental Area Reduces Heroin Reinforcement in Rat","volume":"164","author":"Xi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Bai, J., Sun, J.Y., Ye, T., Zhang, L., Wu, F.Y., Nan, J., and Lan, Y. (2022). Mechanisms Underlying Mu Opioid Receptor Effects on Parallel Fiber-Purkinje Cell Synaptic Transmission in Mouse Cerebellar Cortex. Front. Synaptic Neurosci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2022.862704"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473711205030199","article-title":"Direct Association of Mu-Opioid and NMDA Glutamate Receptors Supports Their Cross-Regulation: Molecular Implications for Opioid Tolerance","volume":"5","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Abus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4707","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-15-04707.1996","article-title":"Regulation of ERK (Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase), Part of the Neurotrophin Signal Transduction Cascade, in the Rat Mesolimbic Dopamine System by Chronic Exposure to Morphine or Cocaine","volume":"16","author":"Berhow","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.105510","article-title":"Opposing Role of Synaptic and Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors in Regulation of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases (ERK) Activity in Cultured Rat Hippocampal Neurons","volume":"572","author":"Ivanov","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, W.L., Quizon, P.M., and Zhu, J. (2016). Molecular Mechanism: ERK Signaling, Drug Addiction, and Behavioral Effects. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2015.10.017"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19407","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1112052108","article-title":"Heroin Relapse Requires Long-Term Potentiation-like Plasticity Mediated by NMDA2b-Containing Receptors","volume":"108","author":"Shen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12276","article-title":"Dopamine D3 Receptor-Regulated NR2B Subunits of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors in the Nucleus Accumbens Involves in Morphine-Induced Locomotor Activity","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.04.019","article-title":"NR2B Subunit of NMDA Receptor at Nucleus Accumbens Is Involved in Morphine Rewarding Effect by SiRNA Study","volume":"118","author":"Kao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol. Depend."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.115.227629","article-title":"Phosphorylation of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Is Increased in the Nucleus Accumbens during Both Acute and Extended Morphine Withdrawal","volume":"355","author":"Anderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.12.007","article-title":"Machine Learning Analysis of the Orbitofrontal Cortex Transcriptome of Human Opioid Users Identifies Shisa7 as a Translational Target Relevant for Heroin Seeking Leveraging a Male Rat Model","volume":"98","author":"Ellis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8758","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0510-22.2022","article-title":"Shisa7-Dependent Regulation of GABAA Receptor Single-Channel Gating Kinetics","volume":"42","author":"Castellano","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax5719","article-title":"Shisa7 Is a GABAAreceptor Auxiliary Subunit Controlling Benzodiazepine Actions","volume":"366","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01894-1","article-title":"Molecular Rhythm Alterations in Prefrontal Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens Associated with Opioid Use Disorder","volume":"12","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.10.015","article-title":"Opioid-Induced Structural and Functional Plasticity of Medium-Spiny Neurons in the Nucleus Accumbens","volume":"120","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04416.x","article-title":"Morphine Withdrawal-Induced Morphological Changes in the Nucleus Accumbens","volume":"22","author":"Spiga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1369.045","article-title":"Persistent and Reversible Morphine Withdrawal-Induced Morphological Changes in the Nucleus Accumbens","volume":"1074","author":"Diana","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.12.041","article-title":"Extinction of Opiate Reward Reduces Dendritic Arborization and C-Fos Expression in the Nucleus Accumbens Core","volume":"263","author":"Kobrin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20551","article-title":"Repeated Morphine Exposure Decreased the Nucleus Accumbens Excitability during Short-Term Withdrawal","volume":"62","author":"Heng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23025","article-title":"Potentiation of Synaptic Strength and Intrinsic Excitability in the Nucleus Accumbens after 10 Days of Morphine Withdrawal","volume":"90","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2012.09.015","article-title":"Effects of Morphine Withdrawal on the Membrane Properties of Medium Spiny Neurons in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell","volume":"90","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.08.023","article-title":"Adaptations in Nucleus Accumbens Neuron Subtypes Mediate Negative Affective Behaviors in Fentanyl Abstinence","volume":"93","author":"Fox","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4475","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816X.2000.01334.x","article-title":"Mapping of C-Fos Gene Expression in the Brain during Morphine Dependence and Precipitated Withdrawal, and Phenotypic Identification of the Striatal Neurons Involved","volume":"12","author":"Georges","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.02.020","article-title":"Nucleus Accumbens D2- and D1-Receptor Expressing Medium Spiny Neurons Are Selectively Activated by Morphine Withdrawal and Acute Morphine, Respectively","volume":"62","author":"Enoksson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matamales, M., Bertran-Gonzalez, J., Salomon, L., Degos, B., Deniau, J.M., Valjent, E., Herv\u00e9, D., and Girault, J.A. (2009). Striatal Medium-Sized Spiny Neurons: Identification by Nuclear Staining and Study of Neuronal Subpopulations in BAC Transgenic Mice. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004770"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519248113","article-title":"Reversal of Morphine-Induced Cell-Type-Specific Synaptic Plasticity in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell Blocks Reinstatement","volume":"113","author":"Hearing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-019-01903-y","article-title":"Cell-Type and Region-Specific Nucleus Accumbens AMPAR Plasticity Associated with Morphine Reward, Reinstatement, and Spontaneous Withdrawal","volume":"224","author":"Madayag","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, M.R., Campbell, D.E., Kopczynski, A., Maddams, S., Rosenblum, N., Nigam, K., and Suzuki, J. (2025). Ketamine in Treating Opioid Use Disorder and Opioid Withdrawal: A Scoping Review. Front. Psychiatry, 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1552084"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3428","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.70018","article-title":"(2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine Prevents Opioid Abstinence-Related Negative Affect and Stress-Induced Reinstatement in Mice","volume":"182","author":"Michael","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110409","article-title":"Mechanistic Insights into the Efficacy of Memantine in Treating Certain Drug Addictions","volume":"111","author":"Montemitro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Souza, M.S. (2015). Glutamatergic Transmission in Drug Reward: Implications for Drug Addiction. Front. Neurosci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00404"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.55782\/ane-2024-2545","article-title":"The Effect of Morphine Administration on GluN3B NMDA Receptor Subunit MRNA Expression in Rat Brain","volume":"84","author":"Nazari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol. Exp."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyad060","article-title":"The Impact of Heroin Self-Administration and Environmental Enrichment on Ventral Tegmental CRF1 Receptor Expression","volume":"26","author":"Galaj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.04.020","article-title":"AMPA Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators Attenuate Morphine Tolerance and Dependence","volume":"137","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.10.005","article-title":"Potentiation of Dopamine D1-like Receptor Signaling by Concomitant Activation of \u03b4- And \u03bc-Opioid Receptors in Mouse Medial Prefrontal Cortex","volume":"61","author":"Olianas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.10.010","article-title":"Ultrastructural Relationship between the AMPA-GluR2 Receptor Subunit and the Mu-Opioid Receptor in the Mouse Central Nucleus of the Amygdala","volume":"227","author":"Beckerman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.013","article-title":"Low Doses of Dextromethorphan Attenuate Morphine-Induced Rewarding via the Sigma-1 Receptor at Ventral Tegmental Area in Rats","volume":"117","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol. Depend."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chittajallu, R., Vlachos, A., Yuan, X., Hunt, S., Abebe, D., London, E., Pelkey, K.A., and McBain, C.J. (2025). Complex Opioid Driven Modulation of Glutamatergic and Cholinergic Neurotransmission in a GABAergic Brain Nucleus Associated with Emotion, Reward and Addiction. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.106062.1"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2025.0090","article-title":"Association Between the (GT)26 Allele in the GRIN2A Promoter and Opioid Use Disorder","volume":"22","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raiteri, L. (2024). Interactions Involving Glycine and Other Amino Acid Neurotransmitters: Focus on Transporter-Mediated Regulation of Release and Glycine\u2013Glutamate Crosstalk. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12071518"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/325529a0","article-title":"Glycine Potentiates the NMDA Response in Cultured Mouse Brain Neurons","volume":"325","author":"Johnson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax1522","article-title":"Control of Aversion by Glycine-Gated GluN1\/GluN3A NMDA Receptors in the Adult Medial Habenula","volume":"366","author":"Otsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add7150","article-title":"Orphan Receptor GPR158 Serves as a Metabotropic Glycine Receptor: MGlyR","volume":"379","author":"Laboute","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881105057250","article-title":"Opposite Effects of MK-801 on the Expression of Food and Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Rats","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2004.05.038","article-title":"Effects of NMDA Receptor Antagonists (MK-801 and Memantine) on the Acquisition of Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice","volume":"28","author":"Aguilar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(02)00349-4","article-title":"Selective Blockade of Drug-Induced Place Preference Conditioning by ACPC, a Functional NDMA-Receptor Antagonist","volume":"27","author":"Papp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(00)00639-1","article-title":"Effects of the Non-Competitive NMDA Receptor Antagonist Ketamine on Morphine-Induced Place Preference in Mice","volume":"67","author":"Suzuki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-200305000-00008","article-title":"Effects of Memantine, an NMDA Receptor Antagonist, on Place Preference Conditioned with Drug and Nondrug Reinforcers in Mice","volume":"14","author":"Popik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(98)00105-1","article-title":"Inhibition of Reinforcing Effects of Morphine and Naloxone: Precipitated Opioid Withdrawal by Novel Glycine Site and Uncompetitive NMDA Receptor Antagonists","volume":"37","author":"Popik","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)11662-G","article-title":"N-Methyl-d-Aspartic Acid-Receptor Antagonists Block Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Rats","volume":"193","author":"Tzschentke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5129-07.2008","article-title":"Glutamate Release in the Nucleus Accumbens Core Is Necessary for Heroin Seeking","volume":"28","author":"LaLumiere","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eteraf-Oskouei, T., Mahmoudi Gharehbaba, A., Majidpour, S., and Asl, B.H. (2025). Preventive Effects of Crocin and Meloxicam on Morphine Withdrawal Symptoms in Mice: Behavioral and Biochemical Insights. BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol., 26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-025-00999-9"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-03-00854.1992","article-title":"Extinction of Fear-Potentiated Startle: Blockade by Infusion of an NMDA Antagonist into the Amygdala","volume":"12","author":"Falls","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.110.3.618","article-title":"The NMDA Antagonist MK-801 Blocks the Extinction of Pavlovian Fear Conditioning","volume":"110","author":"Baker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2019.01.002","article-title":"Systemic Administration of a Delta Opioid Receptor Agonist, KNT-127, Facilitates Extinction Learning of Fear Memory in Rats","volume":"139","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.117.2.341","article-title":"Effects of D-Cycloserine on Extinction of Conditioned Freezing","volume":"117","author":"Ledgerwood","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-06-02343.2002","article-title":"Facilitation of Conditioned Fear Extinction by Systemic Administration or Intra-Amygdala Infusions of D-Cycloserine as Assessed with Fear-Potentiated Startle in Rats","volume":"22","author":"Walker","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(98)00095-X","article-title":"Manipulation of NMDA-Receptor Activity Alters Extinction of an Instrumental Response in Rats","volume":"64","author":"Port","year":"1998","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2006.05.012","article-title":"D-Cycloserine Facilitates Extinction of a Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference","volume":"172","author":"Botreau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1280-y","article-title":"The Facilitative Effects of D-Cycloserine on Extinction of a Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference Can Be Long Lasting and Resistant to Reinstatement","volume":"202","author":"Paolone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.12.025","article-title":"D-Cycloserine Accelerates the Extinction of Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in C57bL\/c Mice","volume":"199","author":"Thanos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12483","article-title":"D-Cycloserine Enhanced Extinction of Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference Is Attenuated in Serotonin Transporter Knockout Rats","volume":"23","author":"Karel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881110388333","article-title":"D-Cycloserine, Sarcosine and D-Serine Diminish the Expression of Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.08.015","article-title":"D-Cycloserine Facilitates Extinction of Naloxone-Induced Conditioned Place Aversion in Morphine-Dependent Rats","volume":"67","author":"Myers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.00895.x","article-title":"Effects of D-Cycloserine on Extinction and Reconditioning of Ethanol-Seeking Behavior in Mice","volume":"33","author":"Groblewski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.08.034","article-title":"Effects of D-Cycloserine on Extinction and Reinstatement of Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference","volume":"503","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20922","article-title":"D-Cycloserine Facilitates Extinction of Cocaine Self-Administration in Rats","volume":"65","author":"Thanos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20944","article-title":"D-Cycloserine Facilitates Extinction of Cocaine Self-Administration in C57 Mice","volume":"65","author":"Thanos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300845","article-title":"Ionotropic and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonism Attenuates Cue-Induced Cocaine Seeking","volume":"31","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000122101.13164.21","article-title":"Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonists Modulate Cue-Induced Reinstatement of Ethanol-Seeking Behavior","volume":"28","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.1186609","article-title":"D-Cycloserine Potentiates the Reconsolidation of Cocaine-Associated Memories","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990903384332","article-title":"D-Cycloserine and Cocaine Cue Reactivity: Preliminary Findings","volume":"35","author":"Price","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol. Abus."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12191","article-title":"D-Cycloserine Combined with Cue Exposure Therapy Fails to Attenuate Subjective and Physiological Craving in Cocaine Dependence","volume":"24","author":"Prisciandaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2592-x","article-title":"A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Laboratory Study of the Effects of d-Cycloserine on Craving in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals","volume":"226","author":"Price","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.009","article-title":"Impact of DCS-Facilitated Cue Exposure Therapy on Brain Activation to Cocaine Cues in Cocaine Dependence","volume":"132","author":"Prisciandaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.017","article-title":"Inhibiting Glycine Transporter-1 Facilitates Cocaine-Cue Extinction and Attenuates Reacquisition of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior","volume":"122","author":"Pinard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.09.035","article-title":"Inhibition of Glycine Transporter 1 Attenuates Nicotine- but Not Food-Induced Cue-Potentiated Reinstatement for a Response Previously Paired with Sucrose","volume":"207","author":"Uslaner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.117.244822","article-title":"Targeting Glycine Reuptake in Alcohol Seeking and Relapse","volume":"365","author":"Vengeliene","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12049","article-title":"Inhibition of Glycine Transporter-1 Reduces Cue-Induced Nicotine-Seeking, but Does Not Promote Extinction of Conditioned Nicotine Cue Responding in the Rat","volume":"18","author":"Cervo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104581","article-title":"Interactive Role of Acid Sensing Ion Channels and Glutamatergic System in Opioid Dependence","volume":"135","author":"Alasmari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuller, M.J., Andrys, N.R.R., Gupta, S.C., Ghobbeh, A., Kreple, C.J., Fan, R., Taugher-Hebl, R.J., Radley, J.J., Lalumiere, R.T., and Wemmie, J.A. (2024). The Role of Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1A (ASIC1A) in the Behavioral and Synaptic Effects of Oxycodone and Other Opioids. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111584"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.07.018","article-title":"Ceftriaxone Restores Glutamate Homeostasis and Prevents Relapse to Cocaine Seeking","volume":"67","author":"Knackstedt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705142","article-title":"Activation of a Glycine Transporter on Spinal Cord Neurons Causes Enhanced Glutamate Release in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","volume":"138","author":"Raiteri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-024-05260-w","article-title":"Glycine-Induced Activation of GPR158 Increases the Intrinsic Excitability of Medium Spiny Neurons in the Nucleus Accumbens","volume":"81","author":"Aceto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12417","article-title":"Morphine-Induced Inhibition of Ca2+-Dependent d-Serine Release from Astrocytes Suppresses Excitability of GABAergic Neurons in the Nucleus Accumbens","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3952","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03952.1995","article-title":"Glycine Transporters Are Differentially Expressed among CNS Cells","volume":"15","author":"Zafra","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7033","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-17-07033.1998","article-title":"Increased Opioid Inhibition of GABA Release in Nucleus Accumbens during Morphine Withdrawal","volume":"18","author":"Chieng","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12942","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12942","article-title":"Mu Opioid Receptors on VGluT2-Expressing Glutamatergic Neurons Modulate Opioid Reward","volume":"26","author":"Reeves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15706","article-title":"A2\u03b4-1 Protein Drives Opioid-Induced Conditioned Reward and Synaptic NMDA Receptor Hyperactivity in the Nucleus Accumbens","volume":"164","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"PL151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(99)00036-3","article-title":"Effects of the Non-Competitive NMDA Receptor Antagonist Ifenprodil on the Morphine-Induced Place Preference in Mice","volume":"64","author":"Suzuki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2012.06.012","article-title":"Essential Role of NR2B-Containing NMDA Receptor-ERK Pathway in Nucleus Accumbens Shell in Morphine-Associated Contextual Memory","volume":"89","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2003.10.037","article-title":"Neurochemical Changes of the Extracellular Concentrations of Glutamate and Aspartate in the Nucleus Accumbens of Rats after Chronic Administration of Morphine","volume":"483","author":"Oliva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(97)00550-9","article-title":"Effect of Precipitated Withdrawal on Extracellular Glutamate and Aspartate in the Nucleus Accumbens of Chronically Morphine-Treated Rats: An in Vivo Microdialysis Study","volume":"60","author":"Sepulveda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2515","article-title":"The Glutamate Homeostasis Hypothesis of Addiction","volume":"10","author":"Kalivas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alonso-Caraballo, Y., Li, Y., Constantino, N.J., Neal, M.A., Driscoll, G.S., Mavrikaki, M., Bolshakov, V.Y., and Chartoff, E.H. (2024). Sex-Specific Behavioral and Thalamo-Accumbal Circuit Adaptations after Oxycodone Abstinence. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.08.01.605459"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-020-00515-5","article-title":"Mu-Opioid Receptors Expressed in Glutamatergic Neurons Are Essential for Morphine Withdrawal","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0524-23.2024","article-title":"The Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus and Its Projections in Regulating Reward and Context Associations","volume":"11","author":"McDevitt","year":"2024","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.5607\/en23039","article-title":"Mapping Astrocytic and Neuronal \u03bc-Opioid Receptor Expression in Various Brain Regions Using MOR-MCherry Reporter Mouse","volume":"32","author":"Won","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Neurobiol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/21\/10526\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T01:24:51Z","timestamp":1761873891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/21\/10526"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"references-count":219,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms262110526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms262110526","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]}}}