{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:06:17Z","timestamp":1788185177637,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Fundamental Fund of Khon Kaen University from the National Science, Research and In-novation Fund or NSRF, Thailand","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purple waxy corn cobs (PWCCs) represent an underutilized agricultural waste rich in anthocyanins with promising cosmeceutical potential. This study investigated niosome-based encapsulation to enhance the stability and bioactivity of PWCC anthocyanin extracts. PWCC extract was macerated in 50% ethanol. The extract exhibited a high total anthocyanin content (3.02 \u00b1 0.81 mg C3GE\/L), while cyanidin-3-glucoside identified as the major anthocyanin (1.17 \u00b1 0.02 mg\/g dry weight). Furthermore, the extracts showed strong antioxidant activities as evidence by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The optimized niosome preparations synthesized by the probe sonication method exhibited better entrapment efficiency (80\u201385%), nanoscale particle size (185\u2013296 nm), and stable zeta potential (\u221229 to \u221232 mV). TEM verification of the spherical morphology and FT-IR spectra confirmed the successful loading of anthocyanins. The thermal stability test exhibited negligible changes in the particle size and zeta potential. Furthermore, in vitro release profile followed the Higuchi model, indicating enhanced release kinetics. Biological assays demonstrated moderate UVB protection effects and potent anti-melanogenesis activity in B16F10 cells. Notably, formulation N5 exhibited the highest tyrosinase inhibition and melanin synthesis suppression. These findings indicate that niosome-based encapsulation represents a promising strategy for enhancing the stability, bioavailability, and biological efficacy of anthocyanin extracts, especially in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262110586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T01:23:59Z","timestamp":1761873839000},"page":"10586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of Niosome-Entrapped Purple Waxy Corn Cobs (Zea mays L.) Extracts to Enhance UVB-Protection and Anti-Melanogenesis Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3806-162X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inpakob","family":"Thongphachanh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2019-1254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nattawadee","family":"Kanpipit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4878-7696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suthasinee","family":"Thapphasaraphong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Crops of Waxy Purple Corn: A Valuable Source of Antioxidative Phytochemicals","volume":"3","author":"Thapphasaraphong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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