{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:25:48Z","timestamp":1787613948746,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Warsaw"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a well-known medicinal and brewing plant, yet studies on the biological activity of its complete extracts remain limited. A comprehensive characterization of a full hop ethanolic extract (HLE) was conducted, integrating untargeted HPLC\u2013MS profiling, anti-inflammatory evaluation in an inflammation-induced Caco-2 model, and transport assessment across intestinal epithelial monolayers. After ultrafiltration to remove pyrogenic components, HLE reduced IL-6 secretion in a concentration-dependent manner and decreased IL-8 levels, while mitigating IL-1\u03b2\u2013induced barrier disruption as reflected by TEER recovery. HPLC\u2013MS analysis of the basolateral compartment revealed selective permeability of medium-sized bitter-acid derivatives and the presence of three features not detected in the original extract, suggesting metabolic transformation during epithelial passage. Overall, the complete extract exhibited moderate but biologically relevant anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective effects in intestinal epithelial cells. The use of the whole extract, without isolating individual fractions, represents a practical and physiologically meaningful approach that may facilitate its application in the formulation of functional foods or dietary supplements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262110608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:15:14Z","timestamp":1762175714000},"page":"10608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Integrated Molecular and Functional Analysis of Hop Ethanolic Extract in Caco-2 Cells: Insights into Inflammation, Barrier Function, and Transport"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ruben Emmanuel","family":"Verhelst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5323-7093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Kruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s12231-021-09528-1","article-title":"Hop (Humulus lupulus L.): Traditional and Present Use, and Future Potential","volume":"75","author":"Korpelainen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Econ. 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