{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T09:01:41Z","timestamp":1762765301378,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"FONDECYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1230917","1220584","1250831","1251136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230917","1220584","1250831","1251136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metal-free aminobenzoic acid-derived Schiff bases are attractive antimicrobial leads because their azomethine (\u2013C=N\u2013) functionality enables tunable electronic properties and target engagement. We investigated whether halogenation on the phenolic ring would modulate the redox behavior and enhance antibacterial potency, and hypothesized that heavier halogens would favorably tune physicochemical and electronic descriptors. We synthesized three derivatives (SB-3\/Cl, SB-4\/Br, and SB-5\/I) and confirmed their structures using FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, UV-Vis, and HRMS. For SB-5, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Hirshfeld analysis verified the intramolecular O\u2013H\u22efN hydrogen bond and key packing contacts. Cyclic voltammetry revealed an irreversible oxidation (aminobenzoic ring) and, for the halogenated series, a reversible reduction associated with the imine; peak positions and reversibility trends are consistent with halogen electronic effects and DFT-based MEP\/LHS descriptors. Antimicrobial testing showed that SB-5 was selectively potent against Gram-positive aerobes, with low-to-mid micromolar MICs across the panel. Among anaerobes, activity was more substantial: Clostridioides difficile was inhibited at 0.1 \u00b5M, and SB-3\/SB-5 reduced its sporulation at sub-MICs, while Blautia coccoides was highly susceptible (MIC 0.01 \u00b5M). No activity was detected against Gram-negative bacteria at the tested concentrations. In the fungal assay, Botrytis cinerea displayed only a transient fungistatic response without complete growth inhibition. In mammalian cells (HeLa), the compounds displayed clear concentration-dependent behavior. Overall, halogenation, particularly iodination, emerges as a powerful tool to couple redox tuning with selective Gram-positive activity and a favorable cellular tolerance window, nominating SB-5 as a promising scaffold for further antimicrobial optimization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262110801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T17:51:43Z","timestamp":1762451503000},"page":"10801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, and Biocidal Evaluation of Three Novel Aminobenzoic Acid-Derived Schiff Bases Featuring Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9733-8224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Carre\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Rep\u00fablica 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile"},{"name":"Laboratorio de S\u00edntesis Organomet\u00e1lica, Centro de Nanociencias Aplicadas (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Rep\u00fablica 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vania","family":"Artigas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de S\u00edntesis Organomet\u00e1lica, Centro de Nanociencias Aplicadas (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Rep\u00fablica 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"G\u00f3mez-Arteaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de S\u00edntesis Organomet\u00e1lica, Centro de Nanociencias Aplicadas (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. 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Rep\u00fablica 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge I.","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Araya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Rep\u00fablica 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1387-9232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxana","family":"Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Rep\u00fablica 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile"},{"name":"Millennium Institute on Green Ammonia as Energy Vector (MIGA), Av. Vicu\u00f1a Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0807-2677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Gacit\u00faa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Ej\u00e9rcito 441, Santiago 8370191, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Videla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de S\u00edntesis Organomet\u00e1lica, Centro de Nanociencias Aplicadas (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. 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Vicu\u00f1a Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8608-9813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Carolina","family":"Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Sazi\u00e9 2320, Santiago 7591538, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Hongos Fitopat\u00f3genos, Centro de Biotecnolog\u00eda Vegetal (CBV), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. 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Monse\u00f1or \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 12455, Santiago 7620001, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1666-7987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile"},{"name":"Microbiota-Host Interactions & Clostridia Research Group, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CIIB), Universidad de los Andes, Av. 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